MOVESCI 340 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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amine, peptide, and steroid
what are the 3 major classes of hormones?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what are examples of 2 major amine hormones?
insulin and glucagon
what are examples of 2 major peptide hormones?
estrogen and testosterone
what are examples of 2 major lipid hormones?
amine and peptide
what hormones need to use receptors on a plasma membrane?
hormone, cAMP, protein kinase, cellular response
in hormones that use receptors on a plasma membrane, what are the first messengers?
what are the second messengers? what is activated by the second messenger? what
occurs overall?
lipid
what hormones can use intracellular receptors?
bind to receptors, broken down in the liver, kidney, enzymes, and interstitial fluid
how are hormones inactivated?
glucose increases which leads to the release of insulin
what is an example of humoral stimuli?
acth increases which leads to an increase in cortisol
what is an example of hormonal stimuli?
sympathetic nervous system increases which leads to epinephrine
what is an example of nerve stimuli?
circadian rhythm, rate of catabolism, secretion into blood, quantity of transport
proteins, and changes in plasma volume
what are factors that determine hormone levels?
in the morning
when does cortisol peak?
glycogenesis
what processes does insulin increase?
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
what processes does glycogen increase?
insulin
does insulin or glucagon assist with high blood sugar?
glucagon
does insulin or glucagon assist with low blood sugar?
islets of langerhans
where is glucagon secreted from?
late in exercise
when is there typically secretion of glucagon during a bout of exercise?
, low glucagon and increased insulin
what happens to levels of glucagon and insulin after training?
no insulin
why does type 1 diabetes occur?
insulin resistance
why does type 2 diabetes occur?
beta cells in the pancreas
what is insulin released from?
glut-4
what brings glucose from the blood into the skeletal muscle?
as160
where do contraction and insulin mediated glucose uptake meet up before glut 4 brings
glucose into the muscle fiber?
increase insulin receptors, hexokinase, glut 4, and glycogen synthase
what are improvements on the skeletal muscle level regarding how exercise improves
glucose uptake
lowers blood glucose, reduces insulin requirement, contraction mediated
hypersensitivity to insulin
how does exercise help to reduce type 2 diabetes
lean body mass and metabolic outcomes
more testosterone leads to more of what?
blood glucose
chronic levels of cortisol can lead to increased levels of what which can provide
metabolic dysfunction?
body composition
growth hormone results in increases in what rather than insulin or glucose?
epimysium, fascicle, myofiber, and myofibril
what is the order of the structure of a muscle?
3 or more
how many nuclei do myofibers have?
myosin, actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
what are the components of a sarcomere?
satellite cells
help to repair muscle fibers in response to damage or trauma as myofibers themselves
do not replicate
red, white
are type 1 fibers red or white? are type 2 fibers red or white?
type 2
are type 1 or type 2 fibers more fatigueable?
oxidative
are slow twitch fibers oxidative or glycolytic?
glycolytic
are fast twitch fibers more oxidative or glycolytic?
endurance
what types of athletes have predominately slow twitch fibers?
sprinters
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
amine, peptide, and steroid
what are the 3 major classes of hormones?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what are examples of 2 major amine hormones?
insulin and glucagon
what are examples of 2 major peptide hormones?
estrogen and testosterone
what are examples of 2 major lipid hormones?
amine and peptide
what hormones need to use receptors on a plasma membrane?
hormone, cAMP, protein kinase, cellular response
in hormones that use receptors on a plasma membrane, what are the first messengers?
what are the second messengers? what is activated by the second messenger? what
occurs overall?
lipid
what hormones can use intracellular receptors?
bind to receptors, broken down in the liver, kidney, enzymes, and interstitial fluid
how are hormones inactivated?
glucose increases which leads to the release of insulin
what is an example of humoral stimuli?
acth increases which leads to an increase in cortisol
what is an example of hormonal stimuli?
sympathetic nervous system increases which leads to epinephrine
what is an example of nerve stimuli?
circadian rhythm, rate of catabolism, secretion into blood, quantity of transport
proteins, and changes in plasma volume
what are factors that determine hormone levels?
in the morning
when does cortisol peak?
glycogenesis
what processes does insulin increase?
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
what processes does glycogen increase?
insulin
does insulin or glucagon assist with high blood sugar?
glucagon
does insulin or glucagon assist with low blood sugar?
islets of langerhans
where is glucagon secreted from?
late in exercise
when is there typically secretion of glucagon during a bout of exercise?
, low glucagon and increased insulin
what happens to levels of glucagon and insulin after training?
no insulin
why does type 1 diabetes occur?
insulin resistance
why does type 2 diabetes occur?
beta cells in the pancreas
what is insulin released from?
glut-4
what brings glucose from the blood into the skeletal muscle?
as160
where do contraction and insulin mediated glucose uptake meet up before glut 4 brings
glucose into the muscle fiber?
increase insulin receptors, hexokinase, glut 4, and glycogen synthase
what are improvements on the skeletal muscle level regarding how exercise improves
glucose uptake
lowers blood glucose, reduces insulin requirement, contraction mediated
hypersensitivity to insulin
how does exercise help to reduce type 2 diabetes
lean body mass and metabolic outcomes
more testosterone leads to more of what?
blood glucose
chronic levels of cortisol can lead to increased levels of what which can provide
metabolic dysfunction?
body composition
growth hormone results in increases in what rather than insulin or glucose?
epimysium, fascicle, myofiber, and myofibril
what is the order of the structure of a muscle?
3 or more
how many nuclei do myofibers have?
myosin, actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
what are the components of a sarcomere?
satellite cells
help to repair muscle fibers in response to damage or trauma as myofibers themselves
do not replicate
red, white
are type 1 fibers red or white? are type 2 fibers red or white?
type 2
are type 1 or type 2 fibers more fatigueable?
oxidative
are slow twitch fibers oxidative or glycolytic?
glycolytic
are fast twitch fibers more oxidative or glycolytic?
endurance
what types of athletes have predominately slow twitch fibers?
sprinters
