MOVESCI 340 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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What is a common test used to evaluate the power output capacity of the
immediate and short term energy system?
Immediate energy system:
- Performance tests that maximally activate ATP-PCr energy system; (examples: Stair-
Sprinting power tests, Jumping-power tests, Any all out exercise for 6-8 seconds)
Short term energy: Anaerobic power tests = Maximal exercise for up to 3 minutes;
(examples: All out runs, stationary cycling, shuttle runs, and repetitive weight lifting)
What is maximal oxygen consumption and what's its significance?
- max amount of O2 consumed per liter volume
-When VO2 no longer increases with increasing exercise intensity ; maximal ability to
make ATP aerobically
-Indicates level of aerobic fitness
Difference between true VO2max and peak VO2?
-VO2 max is the point at which no increase in exercise intensity can increase oxygen
consumption
-peak VO2 refers to the highest oxygen consumption attained during a given exercise
What are secondary indicators for attainment of a true VO2 max?
-RER >1.1
-HR within 10% of age predicted HRmax
-Blood Lactate 7-8mM
What is a graded exercise test?
-A test in which the intensity starts relatively easy and increases with set time intervals
-Often expressed relative to BW
Define exercise economy and efficiency
Economy: oxygen consumption during steady state task
Better economy = less consumption
Important during endurance/aerobic activity
Comes with experience
- other factors include skill, muscle composition, biomechanics
Much more malleable
- can be trained
Efficiency: lower effort at same external workload
Metabolic - similar, result of efficiency of metabolic pathways
Muscular/mechanical - size, sex, fiber type distribution
Type 1 more efficient - use less oxygen to generate ATP
Differentiate between net and gross energy expenditure
-Gross: total calories you're expending
-Net: Exercise calories burned - BMR
, What were the dependent and independent variables?
IND: Energy drink (non-caloric placebo, C4 sugar free, monster)
Dep: BP, HR, Leg blood flow, Fat oxidation, Mood, RER
What was the exercise?
-Isometric Leg extension fatigue
-Ventilatory threshold
Who were the subjects?
-30 men who were characterized as well trained
When was the intervention implemented after drink ingestion and why?
-40 mins after consumption in order for caffeine to properly metabolize and take effect
What is the formula for power?
P = (F*D)/T
How do you measure ATP-PCR and Short term energy activation?
-ATP PCR: size of intramuscular ATP-PCr pool ; depletion rates give most direct
estimates despite it being nearly impossible to obtain precise data during all out
exercise
-Short term energy system: Blood lactate levels are most common indicator of
activation; motivation and environment influence data
What are the lactate indicators?
-Doesn't accurately describe energy transfer via glycolysis
- Increase intensity = greater lactate production -> reflects greater ATP resynthesis
What are the main energy providers during 30 seconds of all out exercise?
-Glycolysis and PCR provide 70% of energy
-Aerobic pathways generate the rest
Describe how trained vs. untrained individuals utilize glycogen during exercise?
-trained people deplete more glycogen during high intensity exercise while using same
amount of ATP
-trained produce more lactic acid
Describe the mechanical aspects of breath during exercise and rest
Mechanical
-Air enters mouth/nose, passes through trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts are lined with alveoli
-Pressure changes in chest caused by ribs and diaphragm cause inspiration and
expiration
Describe the muscular aspects of breath during exercise and rest
-muscle stimulation increases depth and rate of breathing
-Air moves by bulk flow - high->low pressure
What is the anatomic dead space?
-Anatomic: airway space "prior" to alveoli
What is the physiologic dead space?
-Physiologic: alveolar space with no gas transport
Define minute ventilation
how much volume are we moving out per minute (increases with exercise)
How does exercise change minute ventilation?
-Increased breathing rate and tidal volume
-Can exceed 100L/min during intense exercise
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
What is a common test used to evaluate the power output capacity of the
immediate and short term energy system?
Immediate energy system:
- Performance tests that maximally activate ATP-PCr energy system; (examples: Stair-
Sprinting power tests, Jumping-power tests, Any all out exercise for 6-8 seconds)
Short term energy: Anaerobic power tests = Maximal exercise for up to 3 minutes;
(examples: All out runs, stationary cycling, shuttle runs, and repetitive weight lifting)
What is maximal oxygen consumption and what's its significance?
- max amount of O2 consumed per liter volume
-When VO2 no longer increases with increasing exercise intensity ; maximal ability to
make ATP aerobically
-Indicates level of aerobic fitness
Difference between true VO2max and peak VO2?
-VO2 max is the point at which no increase in exercise intensity can increase oxygen
consumption
-peak VO2 refers to the highest oxygen consumption attained during a given exercise
What are secondary indicators for attainment of a true VO2 max?
-RER >1.1
-HR within 10% of age predicted HRmax
-Blood Lactate 7-8mM
What is a graded exercise test?
-A test in which the intensity starts relatively easy and increases with set time intervals
-Often expressed relative to BW
Define exercise economy and efficiency
Economy: oxygen consumption during steady state task
Better economy = less consumption
Important during endurance/aerobic activity
Comes with experience
- other factors include skill, muscle composition, biomechanics
Much more malleable
- can be trained
Efficiency: lower effort at same external workload
Metabolic - similar, result of efficiency of metabolic pathways
Muscular/mechanical - size, sex, fiber type distribution
Type 1 more efficient - use less oxygen to generate ATP
Differentiate between net and gross energy expenditure
-Gross: total calories you're expending
-Net: Exercise calories burned - BMR
, What were the dependent and independent variables?
IND: Energy drink (non-caloric placebo, C4 sugar free, monster)
Dep: BP, HR, Leg blood flow, Fat oxidation, Mood, RER
What was the exercise?
-Isometric Leg extension fatigue
-Ventilatory threshold
Who were the subjects?
-30 men who were characterized as well trained
When was the intervention implemented after drink ingestion and why?
-40 mins after consumption in order for caffeine to properly metabolize and take effect
What is the formula for power?
P = (F*D)/T
How do you measure ATP-PCR and Short term energy activation?
-ATP PCR: size of intramuscular ATP-PCr pool ; depletion rates give most direct
estimates despite it being nearly impossible to obtain precise data during all out
exercise
-Short term energy system: Blood lactate levels are most common indicator of
activation; motivation and environment influence data
What are the lactate indicators?
-Doesn't accurately describe energy transfer via glycolysis
- Increase intensity = greater lactate production -> reflects greater ATP resynthesis
What are the main energy providers during 30 seconds of all out exercise?
-Glycolysis and PCR provide 70% of energy
-Aerobic pathways generate the rest
Describe how trained vs. untrained individuals utilize glycogen during exercise?
-trained people deplete more glycogen during high intensity exercise while using same
amount of ATP
-trained produce more lactic acid
Describe the mechanical aspects of breath during exercise and rest
Mechanical
-Air enters mouth/nose, passes through trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts are lined with alveoli
-Pressure changes in chest caused by ribs and diaphragm cause inspiration and
expiration
Describe the muscular aspects of breath during exercise and rest
-muscle stimulation increases depth and rate of breathing
-Air moves by bulk flow - high->low pressure
What is the anatomic dead space?
-Anatomic: airway space "prior" to alveoli
What is the physiologic dead space?
-Physiologic: alveolar space with no gas transport
Define minute ventilation
how much volume are we moving out per minute (increases with exercise)
How does exercise change minute ventilation?
-Increased breathing rate and tidal volume
-Can exceed 100L/min during intense exercise
