MOVESCI 340 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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Energy balance
The same amount of energy IN and energy OUT (weight stays the same)
Basal metabolic rate
minimal amount of energy required to sustain the body's vital functions
Resting metabolic rate
The energy required to maintain essential body processes at rest (less strict than BMR)
Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)
Measurement system that indicates the energy expenditure required for daily tasks
used in cardiac rehabilitation
dietary-induced thermogenesis (DIT)
eating food stimulates energy metabolism, thermic effect of food
Obligatory thermogenesis
energy requiring priocesses of digesting, absorbing, and assimilating food
Facultative thermogenesis
related to an increased activation of sympatheric nervous system which can lead to an
increse in energy metabolism
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
accumulative spontaneous activity that you do everyday (standing, pacing, fidgeting,
etc.)
substrates
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, ketones
direct calorimetry
Measures heat produced in respiration chamber
indirect calorimetry
Measurments of VO2 are used to assess energy expenditure
Oxidative phosphorylation
(can derive acetyl-CoA from either CHO or LIPID sources to generate reducing
equivalents- NADH and FADH2) to drive the electron transport chain and generate lots
of ATP- pretty much endless supply for lower intensity (mainy at rest and low
intensity/long duration)
Carbohydrates
4kcal/g
Lipids
9kcal/g
Protein
4kcal/g
Alcohol
7kcal/g
Plasma glucose amount
4g
Liver glycogen amount
, 100 g
Muscle glycogen amount
400 g
Total CHO stores
500 g
Glycogen
Animal storage of CHO, long linkage of glucose molecules
*stored in liver and muscle
Liver glycogen
for maintaining blood glucose
muscle glycogen
local store of fuel for muscle contraction
Glycogen breakdown
broken down into glucose for fuel, major source of fuel during moderate to high intensity
exercise, depletion during exercise
Glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose (fuel)
lipolysis
triglyceride breakdown
lipase
enzyme that breaks down triglycerides
anabolism
protein synthesis
catabolism
protein degradation
Proteins
made of different amino acids, type and sequence of AAs distinguish different proteins
and functions
(hormones, enzymes, transporters, hemoglobin)
Ketones
carbon containing molecules that can be transformed into energy (ATP) producing
substrates, increase production during prolonged exercise and exercise in the fasted
condition, can also fuel CNS when blood glucose is low
RQ or RER
VCO2/VO2
RER
provides index of relative use of CHO or fat
CHO
RER value of 1.0, requires less oxygen
Fat
RER value of 0.7, requires more oxygen
Factors that impact substrate choice
Intensity of endurance type exercise, duration of endurance type exercise, diet,
hormones
ATP-PCr
quick energy, very short and very intense
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Energy balance
The same amount of energy IN and energy OUT (weight stays the same)
Basal metabolic rate
minimal amount of energy required to sustain the body's vital functions
Resting metabolic rate
The energy required to maintain essential body processes at rest (less strict than BMR)
Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)
Measurement system that indicates the energy expenditure required for daily tasks
used in cardiac rehabilitation
dietary-induced thermogenesis (DIT)
eating food stimulates energy metabolism, thermic effect of food
Obligatory thermogenesis
energy requiring priocesses of digesting, absorbing, and assimilating food
Facultative thermogenesis
related to an increased activation of sympatheric nervous system which can lead to an
increse in energy metabolism
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
accumulative spontaneous activity that you do everyday (standing, pacing, fidgeting,
etc.)
substrates
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, ketones
direct calorimetry
Measures heat produced in respiration chamber
indirect calorimetry
Measurments of VO2 are used to assess energy expenditure
Oxidative phosphorylation
(can derive acetyl-CoA from either CHO or LIPID sources to generate reducing
equivalents- NADH and FADH2) to drive the electron transport chain and generate lots
of ATP- pretty much endless supply for lower intensity (mainy at rest and low
intensity/long duration)
Carbohydrates
4kcal/g
Lipids
9kcal/g
Protein
4kcal/g
Alcohol
7kcal/g
Plasma glucose amount
4g
Liver glycogen amount
, 100 g
Muscle glycogen amount
400 g
Total CHO stores
500 g
Glycogen
Animal storage of CHO, long linkage of glucose molecules
*stored in liver and muscle
Liver glycogen
for maintaining blood glucose
muscle glycogen
local store of fuel for muscle contraction
Glycogen breakdown
broken down into glucose for fuel, major source of fuel during moderate to high intensity
exercise, depletion during exercise
Glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose (fuel)
lipolysis
triglyceride breakdown
lipase
enzyme that breaks down triglycerides
anabolism
protein synthesis
catabolism
protein degradation
Proteins
made of different amino acids, type and sequence of AAs distinguish different proteins
and functions
(hormones, enzymes, transporters, hemoglobin)
Ketones
carbon containing molecules that can be transformed into energy (ATP) producing
substrates, increase production during prolonged exercise and exercise in the fasted
condition, can also fuel CNS when blood glucose is low
RQ or RER
VCO2/VO2
RER
provides index of relative use of CHO or fat
CHO
RER value of 1.0, requires less oxygen
Fat
RER value of 0.7, requires more oxygen
Factors that impact substrate choice
Intensity of endurance type exercise, duration of endurance type exercise, diet,
hormones
ATP-PCr
quick energy, very short and very intense
