BIO 269 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Describe Total Partial pressure of gas
the sum of all individual gas pressures in a mixture
Describe daltons law
Total pressure = P1 + P2 + P3...
pGAS=% of total mixture
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere
Nitrogen 78.6%
What is the least abundant gas in the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide 0.04%
From most abundant to least abundant list the gases in the atmosphere and their
partial pressures
Nitrogen- 597
Oxygen- 159
H2O vapor- 3.7
Carbon Dioxide- 0.3
What gas is the most soluble
Carbon dioxide- 20x as soluble as Oxygen
What is the least soluble gas?
Nitrogen- 1/20 as soluble as oxygen and 1/40 as soluble as carbon dioxide
If a gas can change its state of matter quickly, what type of gas is it?
soluble
Why cant humans survive if air had more CO2 than O2?
Because CO2 is 20x as soluble as oxygen and would bind to HB more readily, we
wouldnt get enough O2 and wed suffocate
What is henrys law
gasses dissolve in proportion to their partial pressure and an equilibrium will be reached
When discussing difference in pressure, if a gas state has a partial pressure of
300 and a liquid state of 100, at what speed would you expect it to dissolve
Fast, because the larger the difference in pressure, the quicker a gas will dissolve. If the
difference in pressure was 100, the gas would dissolve, but slower. If the gas has no
difference, then it does not dissolve or change state at all.
Which gases have a higher partial pressure in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
CO2 and H2O
Which gases have a lower partial pressure in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen and oxygen
Why is there more H2O in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
Humid air in the conductive pathway from the throat which is lined with cells bathed in
fluid. As air goes in it picks up moisture
Why is there more CO2 in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
,Air in the alveoli is a mixture of air from more than one breath; not all air is expelled with
one breath and some gets stuck in conductive pathway. Old air that is stuck has high
amounts of CO2 and is mixed with new air, so the air has a higher amount of CO2
How does air go into the pulmonary capillaries from the atmosphere
external respiration or respiratory diffusion
How does O2 get into the systemic capillary cells?
Cellular diffusion or internal respiration
In respiration, where does the bronchial circuit join and what is the saturation
before and after?
bronchial circuit joins at the pulmonary circuit where 100% oxygenated blood in the
bronchial circuit joins with partially oxygenated blood in the pulmonary circuit.
Why is there a slight increase in pCO2 and a slight decrease in pO2 at the left
atrium?
because the pulmonary vein carries partially oxygenated blood and the bronchial circuit
carries 100% o2 blood, when they mix, O2 decreases and CO2 increases
describe the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in oxygenated blood leaving the left
atrium and going to tissue cells
pO2= 100 mmHg
pCO2= 40.4
When blood from the left atrium goes into the systemic cell tissues and comes
out, why is there an increase in CO2 and a decrease in pO2
During cellular diffusion, O2 goes into cells to generate ATP and CO2 so there is a large
decrease in O2 and a slight increase in pCO2
Describe the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in deoxygenated blood going to the
RIGHT atrium from the systemic tissue cells
pO2=40 mmHg
pCO2= 45 mmHg
where blood flows back to the lungs and gas exchange occurs again.
How fast is oxygen diffusion in the pulmonary capillaries
1/4 second
Describe the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in alveolar air breathed into the
lungs
pO2=105 mmhg
pCO2= 40 mmhg
In respiratory and cellular diffusion describe the pressure gradient
gases move from high to low pressure
Why does O2 and CO2 move at the same rate to reach equilibrium
Because CO2 is less abundant, but 20x as soluble where O2 is more abundant, but less
soluble than CO2
Why is diffusion fast in the lungs?
Because of surface area between the air sacs and blood supply is very high, so
diffusion occurs quicker
What factors decrease surface area in the lungs and what does this mean for
oxygen absorption?
Emphysema, volume unchanged but less O2 is able to be picked up
Mucus
, Tumors
All of these decrease surface area so less O2 is able to be diffused
Describe ventilation-perfusion coupling
Ventilation- fresh air into the lungs- more ventilation= more O2 into the body
Perfusion- brings blood to an organ
Coupling- occur together
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling, describe the events that occur when
alveoli is poorly ventilated and well diffused. What is happening with O2 and CO2
low ventilation/well perfused= low O2 and HiGH CO2 which causes blood vessels to
vasoconstrict which causes peripheral blood flow to go away from the lungs leading to
poor ventilation and poor perfusion
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling, describe the events that occur when
alveoli are highly ventilated and poorly perfused. What happens with o2 and CO2
High ventilation/ poor perfusion= high O2 and low CO2 causing vasodilation of the
alveoli bringing more blood to them leading to high ventilation and high perfusion
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling,
pO2 controls_______ by changing_______ diameter
1. perfusion
2. arterial
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling,
pCO2 controls______ by changing _______ diameter
1. ventilation
2. Bronchiole
In terms of Hb, where does O2 bind to?
heme group
in terms of Hb, where does CO2 bind to
globin chain
Describe oxyhemoglobin
4:1 ratio 100% saturated oxygenated blood
Describe deoxyhemoglobin
<3:1 ration <75% saturated
Why can Hb transport both O2 and CO2
O2 binds to the heme group of hb and CO2 binds with the globin chains of hb
What are the two ways O2 is transported
1. being dissolved in plasma at 3 ml/L
2. bound to hemoglobin at 200 ml/L
How many liters of CO2 do we have at rest? how do we get rid of it?
5/6 L at rest, to get rid of it it binds to Hb along with O2 and is expelled through
exhalation
What is the oxygen dissociation curve
what happens once oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin
Describe the oxygen dissociation curve from the tissues to the lungs
in the tissues- pO2 is 40 mmhg and blood is 75% saturated with Hb being 3:1 or
deoxyhemoglobin
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Describe Total Partial pressure of gas
the sum of all individual gas pressures in a mixture
Describe daltons law
Total pressure = P1 + P2 + P3...
pGAS=% of total mixture
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere
Nitrogen 78.6%
What is the least abundant gas in the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide 0.04%
From most abundant to least abundant list the gases in the atmosphere and their
partial pressures
Nitrogen- 597
Oxygen- 159
H2O vapor- 3.7
Carbon Dioxide- 0.3
What gas is the most soluble
Carbon dioxide- 20x as soluble as Oxygen
What is the least soluble gas?
Nitrogen- 1/20 as soluble as oxygen and 1/40 as soluble as carbon dioxide
If a gas can change its state of matter quickly, what type of gas is it?
soluble
Why cant humans survive if air had more CO2 than O2?
Because CO2 is 20x as soluble as oxygen and would bind to HB more readily, we
wouldnt get enough O2 and wed suffocate
What is henrys law
gasses dissolve in proportion to their partial pressure and an equilibrium will be reached
When discussing difference in pressure, if a gas state has a partial pressure of
300 and a liquid state of 100, at what speed would you expect it to dissolve
Fast, because the larger the difference in pressure, the quicker a gas will dissolve. If the
difference in pressure was 100, the gas would dissolve, but slower. If the gas has no
difference, then it does not dissolve or change state at all.
Which gases have a higher partial pressure in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
CO2 and H2O
Which gases have a lower partial pressure in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen and oxygen
Why is there more H2O in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
Humid air in the conductive pathway from the throat which is lined with cells bathed in
fluid. As air goes in it picks up moisture
Why is there more CO2 in the alveoli than in the atmosphere?
,Air in the alveoli is a mixture of air from more than one breath; not all air is expelled with
one breath and some gets stuck in conductive pathway. Old air that is stuck has high
amounts of CO2 and is mixed with new air, so the air has a higher amount of CO2
How does air go into the pulmonary capillaries from the atmosphere
external respiration or respiratory diffusion
How does O2 get into the systemic capillary cells?
Cellular diffusion or internal respiration
In respiration, where does the bronchial circuit join and what is the saturation
before and after?
bronchial circuit joins at the pulmonary circuit where 100% oxygenated blood in the
bronchial circuit joins with partially oxygenated blood in the pulmonary circuit.
Why is there a slight increase in pCO2 and a slight decrease in pO2 at the left
atrium?
because the pulmonary vein carries partially oxygenated blood and the bronchial circuit
carries 100% o2 blood, when they mix, O2 decreases and CO2 increases
describe the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in oxygenated blood leaving the left
atrium and going to tissue cells
pO2= 100 mmHg
pCO2= 40.4
When blood from the left atrium goes into the systemic cell tissues and comes
out, why is there an increase in CO2 and a decrease in pO2
During cellular diffusion, O2 goes into cells to generate ATP and CO2 so there is a large
decrease in O2 and a slight increase in pCO2
Describe the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in deoxygenated blood going to the
RIGHT atrium from the systemic tissue cells
pO2=40 mmHg
pCO2= 45 mmHg
where blood flows back to the lungs and gas exchange occurs again.
How fast is oxygen diffusion in the pulmonary capillaries
1/4 second
Describe the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in alveolar air breathed into the
lungs
pO2=105 mmhg
pCO2= 40 mmhg
In respiratory and cellular diffusion describe the pressure gradient
gases move from high to low pressure
Why does O2 and CO2 move at the same rate to reach equilibrium
Because CO2 is less abundant, but 20x as soluble where O2 is more abundant, but less
soluble than CO2
Why is diffusion fast in the lungs?
Because of surface area between the air sacs and blood supply is very high, so
diffusion occurs quicker
What factors decrease surface area in the lungs and what does this mean for
oxygen absorption?
Emphysema, volume unchanged but less O2 is able to be picked up
Mucus
, Tumors
All of these decrease surface area so less O2 is able to be diffused
Describe ventilation-perfusion coupling
Ventilation- fresh air into the lungs- more ventilation= more O2 into the body
Perfusion- brings blood to an organ
Coupling- occur together
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling, describe the events that occur when
alveoli is poorly ventilated and well diffused. What is happening with O2 and CO2
low ventilation/well perfused= low O2 and HiGH CO2 which causes blood vessels to
vasoconstrict which causes peripheral blood flow to go away from the lungs leading to
poor ventilation and poor perfusion
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling, describe the events that occur when
alveoli are highly ventilated and poorly perfused. What happens with o2 and CO2
High ventilation/ poor perfusion= high O2 and low CO2 causing vasodilation of the
alveoli bringing more blood to them leading to high ventilation and high perfusion
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling,
pO2 controls_______ by changing_______ diameter
1. perfusion
2. arterial
In terms of ventilation perfusion coupling,
pCO2 controls______ by changing _______ diameter
1. ventilation
2. Bronchiole
In terms of Hb, where does O2 bind to?
heme group
in terms of Hb, where does CO2 bind to
globin chain
Describe oxyhemoglobin
4:1 ratio 100% saturated oxygenated blood
Describe deoxyhemoglobin
<3:1 ration <75% saturated
Why can Hb transport both O2 and CO2
O2 binds to the heme group of hb and CO2 binds with the globin chains of hb
What are the two ways O2 is transported
1. being dissolved in plasma at 3 ml/L
2. bound to hemoglobin at 200 ml/L
How many liters of CO2 do we have at rest? how do we get rid of it?
5/6 L at rest, to get rid of it it binds to Hb along with O2 and is expelled through
exhalation
What is the oxygen dissociation curve
what happens once oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin
Describe the oxygen dissociation curve from the tissues to the lungs
in the tissues- pO2 is 40 mmhg and blood is 75% saturated with Hb being 3:1 or
deoxyhemoglobin
