BIO 269 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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blood vessels in order of when you encounter them, starting with oxygenated
blood in the heart
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
describe the changes in blood pressure as you go through the various blood
vessels
pressure is the highest in the aorta straight out of the heart, barely changing in the
arteries; drops significantly in the arterioles and capillaries, and stays fairly low (lowest
point) through venules, veins, and vena cava
describe the change in systolic vs. diastolic pressure
systolic is always higher than diastolic, with the disparity known as pulse pressure, but
otherwise the graph looks the same with them meeting at the end of the arterial system
(end of dias./sys. differentiation)
systolic vs. diastolic blood pressure: causes
ventricular contraction vs. ventricular relaxation
pulse pressure
systolic - diastolic pressures; declines gradullay as vessel size decreases and distance
from the heart increases
mean arterial pressure
diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure / 3)
cardiac output
the amount of blood that comes out of the hearte very minute
what determines cardiac output?
heart rate and stroke volume (HR x SV)
stroke volume
EDV - ESV, the amount of blood coming out of the heart each beat
starling's law
as preload pressure (blood entry) increases, stroke volume increases (the greater the
stretch, the greater the contraction)
blood pressure increases when cardiac output ___, total peripheral resistance
___, and blood volume ____
increases (x3)
total peripheral resistance
the resistance from all vessels in the body on blood flow
short term regulation: what happens w/ the ANS when BP is too low?
cardiac centers in the medulla become activated, first causing a down regulation of
parasympathetic activity, which increases heart rate, thus increasing cardiac output;
then causing an upregulation in sympathetic activity, increasing epinephrine in the blood
which causes cardiac muscle contractility to increase (more SV) as well as HR, leaving
less blood in the ventricles post contraction (less ESV), thus increasing cardiac output
short term regulation: what happens with venous return when BP is too low?
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
blood vessels in order of when you encounter them, starting with oxygenated
blood in the heart
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
describe the changes in blood pressure as you go through the various blood
vessels
pressure is the highest in the aorta straight out of the heart, barely changing in the
arteries; drops significantly in the arterioles and capillaries, and stays fairly low (lowest
point) through venules, veins, and vena cava
describe the change in systolic vs. diastolic pressure
systolic is always higher than diastolic, with the disparity known as pulse pressure, but
otherwise the graph looks the same with them meeting at the end of the arterial system
(end of dias./sys. differentiation)
systolic vs. diastolic blood pressure: causes
ventricular contraction vs. ventricular relaxation
pulse pressure
systolic - diastolic pressures; declines gradullay as vessel size decreases and distance
from the heart increases
mean arterial pressure
diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure / 3)
cardiac output
the amount of blood that comes out of the hearte very minute
what determines cardiac output?
heart rate and stroke volume (HR x SV)
stroke volume
EDV - ESV, the amount of blood coming out of the heart each beat
starling's law
as preload pressure (blood entry) increases, stroke volume increases (the greater the
stretch, the greater the contraction)
blood pressure increases when cardiac output ___, total peripheral resistance
___, and blood volume ____
increases (x3)
total peripheral resistance
the resistance from all vessels in the body on blood flow
short term regulation: what happens w/ the ANS when BP is too low?
cardiac centers in the medulla become activated, first causing a down regulation of
parasympathetic activity, which increases heart rate, thus increasing cardiac output;
then causing an upregulation in sympathetic activity, increasing epinephrine in the blood
which causes cardiac muscle contractility to increase (more SV) as well as HR, leaving
less blood in the ventricles post contraction (less ESV), thus increasing cardiac output
short term regulation: what happens with venous return when BP is too low?
