BIO 269 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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How many circuits are there in the heart?
three
1. pulmonary circuit
2. systemic circuit
3. coronary circuit
What does the pulmonary circuit do?
brings blood to and from the lungs
What does the systemic circuit do?
brings blood to the tissues
What does the coronary circuit do?
supplies blood to the heart + heart muscle in the myocardium
What is the smallest circuit in the body?
coronary circuit
Why is the heart like a "double pump"?
it contains two "pumps": one that pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs, and one that pumps blood to the rest of your body once oxygenated
What is an artery?
a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
What is a vein?
a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart
What are the four chambers of the heart?
1. right + left atriums
2. right + left ventricles
What is the receiving chamber of the heart?
atrium
What is the pumping chamber of the heart?
ventricle
What is the pathway when blood is received in the left atrium?
1. left atrium
2. pulmonary vein
3. lungs
What is the pathway when blood is received in the right atrium?
1. right atrium
2. venae cavae
3. body
What is the pathway when blood is received in the right ventricle?
1. right ventricle
2. pulmonary artery
3. lungs
What is the pathway when blood is received in the left ventricle?
,1. left ventricle
2. aorta
3. body
What is the blood flow pathway (bringing blood into the heart)?
BODY
1. venae cavae
2. right atrium
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary artery
LUNGS
6. pulmonary vein
7. left atrium
8. left ventricle
9. aorta
BODY
What does the right side of the heart carry?
deoxygenated blood
What does the left side of the heart carry?
oxygenated blood
What is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
What is the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
What is the design of the heart?
three dimensional hollow mass of muscle
What is the only tissue found in the heart?
muscle tissue
What is the heart suspended in?
a fluid filled pericardial sac
What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid?
protects the heart when lungs expand
acts as a cushion
What layer surrounds the heart?
pericardium
Does the heart have a "skeleton"?
yes; fibrous skeleton
How is the muscle designed in the heart?
criss-cross "lattice" muscle
What does the criss-cross "lattice" design provide for the heart?
it makes the heart stronger due to nonstop pumping
What is the pericardium?
thin layer of connective cardiac tissue surrounding the heart
What is another name for the pericardium?
pericardial sac
What is contained in the pericardial sac?
,pericardial fluid
Where are the atrioventricular (AV) valves located?
between atria and ventricles
What is another name for the left AV valve?
mitral (bicuspid) valve
What is another name for the right AV valve?
tricuspid valve
Where is the mitral valve located?
between left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
between right atrium and right ventricle
How do the bicuspid and tricuspid valves get their names?
named for the amount of "cusps" that close when the valve contracts
bi- 2 cusps
tri- 3 cusps
What is the function of a cusp?
when they contract and come together, they close the valve (blood will not move
between atria and ventricles)
What is the aortic semilunar valve?
valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
What is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
What is the function of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves?
prevents back flow into the ventricles when they relax
What is the aortic semilunar valve connected to?
aorta
What is the pulmonary semilunar valve connected to?
pulmonary trunk
What is the pulmonary trunk?
a short blood vessel that gives that branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries
What is another name for the right semilunar valve?
pulmonary valve
What is another name for the left semilunar valve?
aortic valve
What does vasculature imply?
blood supply
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
1. epicardium
2. myocardium
3. endocardium
What is the epicardium?
outermost layer of the heart; covering of heart muscle
What is the myocardium?
heart muscle; thickest layer around heart
What is the endocardium?
, inner lining of heart chambers; very thin layer
Where do arteries arise from?
base of aorta
What part of the heart does venous blood empty into?
right atrium
Is the heart supplied with blood from within?
no! nutrients and blood cannot get through easily, so that is why arteries and veins are
used for blood transport to heart & throughout body
What is the function of arteries?
carry blood away from the heart to tissues
a = away
What is the function of veins?
carry blood to the heart from tissues
What is the coronary artery?
blood vessel that supplies oxygen to the heart muscle
What is the coronary vein?
blood vessel that drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium into the chambers
What is coronary heart disease?
a disease of the coronary vessels surrounding the heart (typically arteries)
What are the two major types of coronary heart disease?
1. "angina" Pectoralis
2. myocardial infarction (heart attack)
What is "angina" pectoralis?
condition where the smooth muscle around plaque buildup contracts and releases
repeatedly to get blood through
no death of cells
a temporary halt in blood delivery
What is a myocardial infarction?
AKA heart attack; cause of plaque buildup in coronary arteries—> stops a lot of blood
from going to the heart
loses cells + tissue death
Why is it important to note that the two major types of coronary heart diseases
(angina and MI) either have some or no mitosis of myocardial cells?
in angina, the heart keeps the original cells so the heart doesn't need to work as
hard/can work normally if it happens again.
in an MI, the myocardial cells die, so it puts more work on the existing cells + the new
scar tissue formed is non-contractile, so it is harder to pump heart.
Are those who have a heart attack more or less susceptible to having one again?
more
What is the function of modified muscle cells in the heart?
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How many circuits are there in the heart?
three
1. pulmonary circuit
2. systemic circuit
3. coronary circuit
What does the pulmonary circuit do?
brings blood to and from the lungs
What does the systemic circuit do?
brings blood to the tissues
What does the coronary circuit do?
supplies blood to the heart + heart muscle in the myocardium
What is the smallest circuit in the body?
coronary circuit
Why is the heart like a "double pump"?
it contains two "pumps": one that pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs, and one that pumps blood to the rest of your body once oxygenated
What is an artery?
a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
What is a vein?
a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart
What are the four chambers of the heart?
1. right + left atriums
2. right + left ventricles
What is the receiving chamber of the heart?
atrium
What is the pumping chamber of the heart?
ventricle
What is the pathway when blood is received in the left atrium?
1. left atrium
2. pulmonary vein
3. lungs
What is the pathway when blood is received in the right atrium?
1. right atrium
2. venae cavae
3. body
What is the pathway when blood is received in the right ventricle?
1. right ventricle
2. pulmonary artery
3. lungs
What is the pathway when blood is received in the left ventricle?
,1. left ventricle
2. aorta
3. body
What is the blood flow pathway (bringing blood into the heart)?
BODY
1. venae cavae
2. right atrium
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary artery
LUNGS
6. pulmonary vein
7. left atrium
8. left ventricle
9. aorta
BODY
What does the right side of the heart carry?
deoxygenated blood
What does the left side of the heart carry?
oxygenated blood
What is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
What is the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
What is the design of the heart?
three dimensional hollow mass of muscle
What is the only tissue found in the heart?
muscle tissue
What is the heart suspended in?
a fluid filled pericardial sac
What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid?
protects the heart when lungs expand
acts as a cushion
What layer surrounds the heart?
pericardium
Does the heart have a "skeleton"?
yes; fibrous skeleton
How is the muscle designed in the heart?
criss-cross "lattice" muscle
What does the criss-cross "lattice" design provide for the heart?
it makes the heart stronger due to nonstop pumping
What is the pericardium?
thin layer of connective cardiac tissue surrounding the heart
What is another name for the pericardium?
pericardial sac
What is contained in the pericardial sac?
,pericardial fluid
Where are the atrioventricular (AV) valves located?
between atria and ventricles
What is another name for the left AV valve?
mitral (bicuspid) valve
What is another name for the right AV valve?
tricuspid valve
Where is the mitral valve located?
between left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
between right atrium and right ventricle
How do the bicuspid and tricuspid valves get their names?
named for the amount of "cusps" that close when the valve contracts
bi- 2 cusps
tri- 3 cusps
What is the function of a cusp?
when they contract and come together, they close the valve (blood will not move
between atria and ventricles)
What is the aortic semilunar valve?
valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
What is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
What is the function of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves?
prevents back flow into the ventricles when they relax
What is the aortic semilunar valve connected to?
aorta
What is the pulmonary semilunar valve connected to?
pulmonary trunk
What is the pulmonary trunk?
a short blood vessel that gives that branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries
What is another name for the right semilunar valve?
pulmonary valve
What is another name for the left semilunar valve?
aortic valve
What does vasculature imply?
blood supply
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
1. epicardium
2. myocardium
3. endocardium
What is the epicardium?
outermost layer of the heart; covering of heart muscle
What is the myocardium?
heart muscle; thickest layer around heart
What is the endocardium?
, inner lining of heart chambers; very thin layer
Where do arteries arise from?
base of aorta
What part of the heart does venous blood empty into?
right atrium
Is the heart supplied with blood from within?
no! nutrients and blood cannot get through easily, so that is why arteries and veins are
used for blood transport to heart & throughout body
What is the function of arteries?
carry blood away from the heart to tissues
a = away
What is the function of veins?
carry blood to the heart from tissues
What is the coronary artery?
blood vessel that supplies oxygen to the heart muscle
What is the coronary vein?
blood vessel that drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium into the chambers
What is coronary heart disease?
a disease of the coronary vessels surrounding the heart (typically arteries)
What are the two major types of coronary heart disease?
1. "angina" Pectoralis
2. myocardial infarction (heart attack)
What is "angina" pectoralis?
condition where the smooth muscle around plaque buildup contracts and releases
repeatedly to get blood through
no death of cells
a temporary halt in blood delivery
What is a myocardial infarction?
AKA heart attack; cause of plaque buildup in coronary arteries—> stops a lot of blood
from going to the heart
loses cells + tissue death
Why is it important to note that the two major types of coronary heart diseases
(angina and MI) either have some or no mitosis of myocardial cells?
in angina, the heart keeps the original cells so the heart doesn't need to work as
hard/can work normally if it happens again.
in an MI, the myocardial cells die, so it puts more work on the existing cells + the new
scar tissue formed is non-contractile, so it is harder to pump heart.
Are those who have a heart attack more or less susceptible to having one again?
more
What is the function of modified muscle cells in the heart?
