BIO 269 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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Aldosterone
"salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+
retention promotes water retention, which regulates BP and heart rate. Released at the
adrenal cortex. Lack of Na leads to a humoral release to increase blood volume and
pressure. Feedback mechanism is the increase in blood volume and pressure/Na levels
back to normal
parathyroid hormone
A hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates the metabolism of calcium.
Targets the bones, intestines, and kidneys (All require Ca). Humoral release when Ca
levels are falling. Without PTH, you cannot absorb Ca into the intestines. Feedback
mechanism is when calcium levels are normal.
Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
stimulates by sympathetic NS; increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose
levels and dilates lung passageways. Released at the adrenal medulla and stimulates
the heart, blood vessels, and your bronchioles. Neural stimulation and no feedback
mechanism. Just returns to normal when stimulus is gone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids(corticoids). Which effect the level of
glucose in your blood. Hormonal release by the adrenal cortex when stressed, sick, of
have low levels of cortisol (low blood sugar). Feedback mechanism is when levels
return to normal, feedback deregulates everything. Corticotropin is released by
hypothalamus.
thyroid hormone
Stimulated when levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) decrease. This
causes the hormonal release of the thyroid hormone which increases the rate of the
basal metabolic rate to increase body temp. Hypo sends TRH then Pituitary sends TSH
which combine to make TH. Feedback mechanism is body temp increasing and once it
reaches 37 C, TRH and TSH are downregulated.
Growth Hormone
hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones. Hormonal
release of GH to all body organs, especially bones and skeletal muscle. Low levels of
GH until puberty then a large spike for 6-7 years. Then back down to before puberty
levels. Being obese can result in less growth because there is no need to break down
stored fat into fatty acid fuel because fat people have enough glucose. This means
there's no reason for GH>
Pancreatic Hormones
insulin and glucagon. Glucose needs insulin to carry it into the body cells after being
consumed (stimulus 1). Glucagon breaks down stored glucose (glycogen) and turns it
into usable glucose when you are lacking glucose which is the second stimulus.
Glycogen stored in liver.
arginine vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone)
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Aldosterone
"salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+
retention promotes water retention, which regulates BP and heart rate. Released at the
adrenal cortex. Lack of Na leads to a humoral release to increase blood volume and
pressure. Feedback mechanism is the increase in blood volume and pressure/Na levels
back to normal
parathyroid hormone
A hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates the metabolism of calcium.
Targets the bones, intestines, and kidneys (All require Ca). Humoral release when Ca
levels are falling. Without PTH, you cannot absorb Ca into the intestines. Feedback
mechanism is when calcium levels are normal.
Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
stimulates by sympathetic NS; increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose
levels and dilates lung passageways. Released at the adrenal medulla and stimulates
the heart, blood vessels, and your bronchioles. Neural stimulation and no feedback
mechanism. Just returns to normal when stimulus is gone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids(corticoids). Which effect the level of
glucose in your blood. Hormonal release by the adrenal cortex when stressed, sick, of
have low levels of cortisol (low blood sugar). Feedback mechanism is when levels
return to normal, feedback deregulates everything. Corticotropin is released by
hypothalamus.
thyroid hormone
Stimulated when levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) decrease. This
causes the hormonal release of the thyroid hormone which increases the rate of the
basal metabolic rate to increase body temp. Hypo sends TRH then Pituitary sends TSH
which combine to make TH. Feedback mechanism is body temp increasing and once it
reaches 37 C, TRH and TSH are downregulated.
Growth Hormone
hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones. Hormonal
release of GH to all body organs, especially bones and skeletal muscle. Low levels of
GH until puberty then a large spike for 6-7 years. Then back down to before puberty
levels. Being obese can result in less growth because there is no need to break down
stored fat into fatty acid fuel because fat people have enough glucose. This means
there's no reason for GH>
Pancreatic Hormones
insulin and glucagon. Glucose needs insulin to carry it into the body cells after being
consumed (stimulus 1). Glucagon breaks down stored glucose (glycogen) and turns it
into usable glucose when you are lacking glucose which is the second stimulus.
Glycogen stored in liver.
arginine vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone)
