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Villi and Microvilli
increase surface area for absorption in small intestine
Pancreatic juice
Alkaline mixture secreted by pancreas to neutralize chyme entering small intestine from
stomach
gastric inhibitory peptide
hormone that slows gastric motility and stimulates insulin release from the pancreas
Secretin
Digestive hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice
(bicarbonate) to neutralize acid in duodenum.
Gastrin
hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric
motility (by stimulating contraction of intestinal muscle)
Cholecystokinin (cck)
a hormone that is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile
into the intestine and the secretion pancreatic juice
-also relaxes sphincter of oddi to allow bile to move down
small intestine structure
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
intrinsic factor
A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for
the absorption of vitamin B12.
hepatic portal vein
the -vein- that collects blood from the GI tract and conducts it to the liver
Peyer's patches
collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located
in the walls of the tract organs
lamina propria
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
intestinal crypts
found in the mucosa of the small intestine; these epithelial cells produce intestinal juice
parietal cells of stomach
secrete HCl
Gastric secretion phases
1)cephalic (before food enters stomach)
2)gastric (secretions include HCl acid, intrinsic factor for b12, and mucus)
3)intestinal (secretion include cck and secretin...stimulate pancreas and gallbladder)
peristaltic waves
waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Amalyse
, Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in complex carbs
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water (chemical
breakdown of any type of food)
distention
a condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal
goblet cells
a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the
main component of mucus.
Bile
a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
aids in digestion of fat
alimentary tract
the digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
Pancreas
An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to
produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are delivered to the small intestine
via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin and
glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.
cecum
the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens
Functions of the digestive tract
Ingestion- intake of food
Motility-movement through tract
Digestion- breakdown of food into transportable and absorbable forms
Secretion- lubricates and liquefies food
Absorption- of nutrients (80% in duodenum)
Elimination- of wastes (feces)
Peristalsis
the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food
along (esophagus and large intestine)
chemical digestion
Enzymes break down food into smaller molecules, can cross plasma membranes
microanatomy of small intestine
1)Lumen- very inner layer, exposed to air
2)Mucosa (3 layers)
3)Submucosa ("beneath" mucosa)
4)Muscularis externa (2 layers) longitudinal and circular
5)Serosa (2 layers) epithelium and connective tissue
Mucosa
1)epithelium
2)lamina propria- connective tissue w/ lymphatic vessels, capillaries, and nerve cells
3)muscularis mucosae- smooth muscle
villi of esophagus, stomach, and L.I.
flat villi because minimal to no nutrients absorbed here. less surface area for absorption
villi of small intestine
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Villi and Microvilli
increase surface area for absorption in small intestine
Pancreatic juice
Alkaline mixture secreted by pancreas to neutralize chyme entering small intestine from
stomach
gastric inhibitory peptide
hormone that slows gastric motility and stimulates insulin release from the pancreas
Secretin
Digestive hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice
(bicarbonate) to neutralize acid in duodenum.
Gastrin
hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric
motility (by stimulating contraction of intestinal muscle)
Cholecystokinin (cck)
a hormone that is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile
into the intestine and the secretion pancreatic juice
-also relaxes sphincter of oddi to allow bile to move down
small intestine structure
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
intrinsic factor
A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for
the absorption of vitamin B12.
hepatic portal vein
the -vein- that collects blood from the GI tract and conducts it to the liver
Peyer's patches
collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located
in the walls of the tract organs
lamina propria
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
intestinal crypts
found in the mucosa of the small intestine; these epithelial cells produce intestinal juice
parietal cells of stomach
secrete HCl
Gastric secretion phases
1)cephalic (before food enters stomach)
2)gastric (secretions include HCl acid, intrinsic factor for b12, and mucus)
3)intestinal (secretion include cck and secretin...stimulate pancreas and gallbladder)
peristaltic waves
waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Amalyse
, Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in complex carbs
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water (chemical
breakdown of any type of food)
distention
a condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal
goblet cells
a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the
main component of mucus.
Bile
a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
aids in digestion of fat
alimentary tract
the digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
Pancreas
An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to
produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are delivered to the small intestine
via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin and
glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.
cecum
the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens
Functions of the digestive tract
Ingestion- intake of food
Motility-movement through tract
Digestion- breakdown of food into transportable and absorbable forms
Secretion- lubricates and liquefies food
Absorption- of nutrients (80% in duodenum)
Elimination- of wastes (feces)
Peristalsis
the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food
along (esophagus and large intestine)
chemical digestion
Enzymes break down food into smaller molecules, can cross plasma membranes
microanatomy of small intestine
1)Lumen- very inner layer, exposed to air
2)Mucosa (3 layers)
3)Submucosa ("beneath" mucosa)
4)Muscularis externa (2 layers) longitudinal and circular
5)Serosa (2 layers) epithelium and connective tissue
Mucosa
1)epithelium
2)lamina propria- connective tissue w/ lymphatic vessels, capillaries, and nerve cells
3)muscularis mucosae- smooth muscle
villi of esophagus, stomach, and L.I.
flat villi because minimal to no nutrients absorbed here. less surface area for absorption
villi of small intestine
