BIOD 103 MOD 6 EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is the alimentary canal?
the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It
includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Name the parts of the oral cavity that form the roof, sides, entrance, and floor.
The roof of the oral cavity is the hard and soft palates, the sides of the mouth are the
cheeks, the entrance to the mouth is the lips, and the floor of the mouth is formed from
the tongue.
Describe the structure and function of the tongue. Identify the different types of
teeth and name their functions.
The tongue is made of muscle. It functions to taste food, move food around the mouth
for chewing, and to initiate swallowing.
There are four different types of teeth: incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. Incisors
and canines are used for biting into food, as they have a sharp cutting edge. The
premolars and molars are used for crushing food, as the crown of the tooth is broad.
describe the roles of the esophagus and pharynx in digestion? Whats at the end?
several layers of muscle that contract in a coordinated way to move the food bolus and
liquid from the pharynx to the stomach.
,lower esophageal sphincter,
Describe the role of the epiglottis during swallowing.
The epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea during swallowing so that food enters
the esophagus, not the trachea.
what are the three parts of the stomach
The stomach has three parts: the fundus is the upper part, the body is the main part,
and the lower part is the antrum.
Describe the two types of digestion performed by the stomach. What do these
two types of digestion produce and where does it go next?
The stomach performs mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs
as the muscles in the walls of the stomach contract to churn the food with the digestive
juices in the stomach.
Chemical digestion occurs as the digestive enzymes within the gastric juices mix with
the food and break it down. The product of these actions is called chyme, a liquid that is
then released from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Describe the differences between the small and large intestines in terms of size
and function.
The small intestine functions to continue chemical digestion and to absorb nutrients
through villi located in the walls of the small intestine. The diameter of the small
intestine is about 1 inch, and it is 21 feet long. starts at the pyloric sphincter ends at
ileocecal sphincter
, The large intestine functions to compact the leftover waste into feces, absorb water from
the chyme, and remove feces from the body through defecation. The diameter of the
large intestine is 2 ½ inches, and it is 5 feet long.starts at the ilecoceal valve ends at
anus
What are the three sections of the small intestine? What are the four sections of
the large intestine?
The three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. The
four sections of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, anal canal, and rectum.
Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and describe their
functions.
The salivary glands function to secrete saliva into the mouth to moisten food and start
carbohydrate digestion. The liver secretes bile and functions in the metabolism(breaking
down tissues) of nutrients for the body. The gallbladder stores bile. The pancreas
secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Name the kidney's three protective layers.
The three protective layers of the kidney are the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and the
renal fascia.
Fill in the blank: ____ is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
The nephron
Describe the parts of the nephron.
The nephron starts at the glomerulus, the tubule starting with the proximal convoluted
portion, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted portion, and the collecting tubule.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is the alimentary canal?
the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It
includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Name the parts of the oral cavity that form the roof, sides, entrance, and floor.
The roof of the oral cavity is the hard and soft palates, the sides of the mouth are the
cheeks, the entrance to the mouth is the lips, and the floor of the mouth is formed from
the tongue.
Describe the structure and function of the tongue. Identify the different types of
teeth and name their functions.
The tongue is made of muscle. It functions to taste food, move food around the mouth
for chewing, and to initiate swallowing.
There are four different types of teeth: incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. Incisors
and canines are used for biting into food, as they have a sharp cutting edge. The
premolars and molars are used for crushing food, as the crown of the tooth is broad.
describe the roles of the esophagus and pharynx in digestion? Whats at the end?
several layers of muscle that contract in a coordinated way to move the food bolus and
liquid from the pharynx to the stomach.
,lower esophageal sphincter,
Describe the role of the epiglottis during swallowing.
The epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea during swallowing so that food enters
the esophagus, not the trachea.
what are the three parts of the stomach
The stomach has three parts: the fundus is the upper part, the body is the main part,
and the lower part is the antrum.
Describe the two types of digestion performed by the stomach. What do these
two types of digestion produce and where does it go next?
The stomach performs mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs
as the muscles in the walls of the stomach contract to churn the food with the digestive
juices in the stomach.
Chemical digestion occurs as the digestive enzymes within the gastric juices mix with
the food and break it down. The product of these actions is called chyme, a liquid that is
then released from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Describe the differences between the small and large intestines in terms of size
and function.
The small intestine functions to continue chemical digestion and to absorb nutrients
through villi located in the walls of the small intestine. The diameter of the small
intestine is about 1 inch, and it is 21 feet long. starts at the pyloric sphincter ends at
ileocecal sphincter
, The large intestine functions to compact the leftover waste into feces, absorb water from
the chyme, and remove feces from the body through defecation. The diameter of the
large intestine is 2 ½ inches, and it is 5 feet long.starts at the ilecoceal valve ends at
anus
What are the three sections of the small intestine? What are the four sections of
the large intestine?
The three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. The
four sections of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, anal canal, and rectum.
Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and describe their
functions.
The salivary glands function to secrete saliva into the mouth to moisten food and start
carbohydrate digestion. The liver secretes bile and functions in the metabolism(breaking
down tissues) of nutrients for the body. The gallbladder stores bile. The pancreas
secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Name the kidney's three protective layers.
The three protective layers of the kidney are the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and the
renal fascia.
Fill in the blank: ____ is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
The nephron
Describe the parts of the nephron.
The nephron starts at the glomerulus, the tubule starting with the proximal convoluted
portion, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted portion, and the collecting tubule.
