BIOD103 MOD 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Name the four chambers and four valves in the heart.
Right and left atria, right and left ventricles, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral
valve, aortic valve.
List the three layers of the heart muscle starting with the innermost layer.
The endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
What is the function of the right side of the heart? What is the function of the left
side of the heart?
The function of the right side of the heart is to receive the deoxygenated blood from the
body tissues and to pump it to the lungs.
The function of the left side of the heart is to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs
and to pump that blood out to the body tissues.
Describe the route of blood circulation starting and ending with the inferior and
superior vena cava.
Inferior and superior vena cava, right atria, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary
valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atria, mitral valve ), left ventricle,
aortic valve, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillary bed, venules, veins, superior and inferior
vena cava
What is the function of the capillary bed?
,The capillary bed consists of microscopic blood vessels that deliver oxygen and
nutrients to the cells and removes CO2 and other waste products from the cells
Describe the flow of electricity through the heart. Where does the electricity
initiate? What stimulates the contraction of the ventricles?
The flow of electricity starts in the sinoatrial node. It travels through the internodal
pathway through the atria to the atrioventricular node. From the AV node, it travels to
the bundle of His and then into the two bundle branches. The two bundle branches
stimulate the ventricles to contract.
What is a pulse? Name 2 of the 7 common pulse sites. Describe the difference
between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure.
A pulse is the rhythmic wave in the wall of an artery that corresponds to the heartbeat.
The common pulse sites are the temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal,
and dorsalis pedis.
The systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart contracts, and the blood is
pumped against the artery walls. The diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the
artery when the heart is relaxed.
Name the structures in the airway that are responsible for trapping foreign bodies
in the air as it comes into the lungs.
The mucous membranes in the nose are responsible for producing mucus that traps
bacteria, dust, pollen, and other foreign bodies in the air that is inhaled.
Trace the flow of air from the entry point in the nose to the alveoli in the lungs.
, Nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
What holds the trachea always open and why is that important? What structures
in the trachea prevent foreign bodies from entering the lungs?
The trachea is held open by cartilage, and this is important because the body constantly
needs to breathe.
The trachea is lined with a mucous membrane that is covered with cilia that can trap
small foreign bodies in the trachea and can sweep them out of the windpipe
What is the primary muscle responsible for breathing? Define inspiration and
expiration.
The primary muscle that is responsible for breathing is the diaphragm. Inspiration is the
act of drawing air into the lungs when the diaphragm flattens and contracts. Expiration is
the act of pushing air out of the lungs as the diaphragm relaxes and rises.
Which part of the brain controls the respiratory rate?
The pons and the medulla oblongata control the respiratory rate
What is an electrocardiogram and a sphygmomanometer used for in the
examination of the heart?
An electrocardiogram is used to graph the electrical activity of the heart
sphygmomanometer is for blood pressure
What is the pleura? What is the function of the pleura? How many lobes does the
right lung have? The left lung? What are the apexes and bases of the lungs?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Name the four chambers and four valves in the heart.
Right and left atria, right and left ventricles, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral
valve, aortic valve.
List the three layers of the heart muscle starting with the innermost layer.
The endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
What is the function of the right side of the heart? What is the function of the left
side of the heart?
The function of the right side of the heart is to receive the deoxygenated blood from the
body tissues and to pump it to the lungs.
The function of the left side of the heart is to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs
and to pump that blood out to the body tissues.
Describe the route of blood circulation starting and ending with the inferior and
superior vena cava.
Inferior and superior vena cava, right atria, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary
valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atria, mitral valve ), left ventricle,
aortic valve, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillary bed, venules, veins, superior and inferior
vena cava
What is the function of the capillary bed?
,The capillary bed consists of microscopic blood vessels that deliver oxygen and
nutrients to the cells and removes CO2 and other waste products from the cells
Describe the flow of electricity through the heart. Where does the electricity
initiate? What stimulates the contraction of the ventricles?
The flow of electricity starts in the sinoatrial node. It travels through the internodal
pathway through the atria to the atrioventricular node. From the AV node, it travels to
the bundle of His and then into the two bundle branches. The two bundle branches
stimulate the ventricles to contract.
What is a pulse? Name 2 of the 7 common pulse sites. Describe the difference
between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure.
A pulse is the rhythmic wave in the wall of an artery that corresponds to the heartbeat.
The common pulse sites are the temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal,
and dorsalis pedis.
The systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart contracts, and the blood is
pumped against the artery walls. The diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the
artery when the heart is relaxed.
Name the structures in the airway that are responsible for trapping foreign bodies
in the air as it comes into the lungs.
The mucous membranes in the nose are responsible for producing mucus that traps
bacteria, dust, pollen, and other foreign bodies in the air that is inhaled.
Trace the flow of air from the entry point in the nose to the alveoli in the lungs.
, Nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
What holds the trachea always open and why is that important? What structures
in the trachea prevent foreign bodies from entering the lungs?
The trachea is held open by cartilage, and this is important because the body constantly
needs to breathe.
The trachea is lined with a mucous membrane that is covered with cilia that can trap
small foreign bodies in the trachea and can sweep them out of the windpipe
What is the primary muscle responsible for breathing? Define inspiration and
expiration.
The primary muscle that is responsible for breathing is the diaphragm. Inspiration is the
act of drawing air into the lungs when the diaphragm flattens and contracts. Expiration is
the act of pushing air out of the lungs as the diaphragm relaxes and rises.
Which part of the brain controls the respiratory rate?
The pons and the medulla oblongata control the respiratory rate
What is an electrocardiogram and a sphygmomanometer used for in the
examination of the heart?
An electrocardiogram is used to graph the electrical activity of the heart
sphygmomanometer is for blood pressure
What is the pleura? What is the function of the pleura? How many lobes does the
right lung have? The left lung? What are the apexes and bases of the lungs?
