ATI TEAS 7 Science Pretest Questions & Answers

Inflammation, production of interferon, and ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes are nonspecific cellular responses by which of the following? A.) The internal aspect of adaptive immune system B.) Antibody-mediated immunity C.) The internal aspect of the innate immune system D.) Passive immunity - ANSWERSC.) The internal aspect of the innate immune system If the external barrier is breached, the second line of defense is the internal aspect of the innate immune system, a collection of nonspecific cellular responses (inflammation, production of interferon, ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes). What feature of the adaptive immune system decreases the amount of time it takes for the body to respond to a particular antigen? A.) Unbroken skin B.) Memory Cells C.) Cytotoxic T-cells D.) Inflammation - ANSWERSB.) Memory cells Memory cells are a type of lymphocyte that responds more quickly to an antigen upon reintroduction of the pathogen. Which of the following occurs in the cardiac cycle if the impulse triggered a at the sinoatrial mode never reaches the Purkinje fibers of the heart? A.) The atria will not contract. B.) There will be an absence of systole. C.) The ventricles will not contract. D.) Diastole will shorten in duration. - ANSWERSC.) The ventricles will not contract. The Purkinje fiber impulse causes the contraction of the ventricles. Which of the following describes the link between damages villi and malnutrition? A.) Damaged villi decrease the nutrient-absorbing surface area in the gastrointestinal tract. B.) If villi are damaged, the surface area of the stomach is decreased. C.)Peristalsis of the large intestine will be diminished. D.) Damaged villi cause gastric reflux disease. - ANSWERSA.) Damaged villi decrease the nutrient-absorbing surface area in the gastrointestinal tract. Villi of the small intestine provide a greater nutrient-absorbing surface area in the gastrointestinal tract. Which of the following organs is responsible for the majority of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system? A.) Large intestine B.) Small intestine C.) Liver D.) Pancreas - ANSWERSB.) Small intestine The primary function of the small intestine is chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients. Contraction occurs within the thin _______ filaments slide past the thicker ______ filaments, causing the sarcomere unit to shorten or contract. A.) actin; myosin B.) myosin; axon C.) axon; actin D.) dendrite; axon - ANSWERSA.) actin; myosin Actin and myosin slide past each other, and the sarcomere unit shrinks. The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands that produce which of the following responses? A.) A quickly initiating but prolonged response on other body systems. B.) A slowly initiating and short response on other body systems C.) A quickly initiating and short response on other body systems D.) A slowly initiating but prolonged response on other body systems. - ANSWERSD.) A slowly initiating but prolonged response on other body systems. The endocrine system does not use ducts to deliver glandular products. Endocrine hormones produce a slowly initiating response. However, the response is prolonged. Which of the following terms refers to the middle layer of the skin that is made of connective tissue? A.) Hypodermis B.) Keratin C.) Dermis D.) Epidermis - ANSWERSC.) Dermis The dermis is the middle layer of skin that is made of connective tissue. Which of the following is produced by the skin when a cholesterol-based precursor is modified by the presence of ultraviolet radiation? A.) Renin B.) Vitamin D C.) Sweat D.) Keratin - ANSWERSB.) Vitamin D Vitamin D is produced by the skin when a cholesterol-based precursor is modified by the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Which of the following types of bone cells perform mineral resorption? A.) Osteons B.) Osteocytes C.) Osteoblasts D.) Osteoclasts - ANSWERSD.) Osteoclasts Osteoclasts liberate calcium from bone-bound reserves. This mineral resorption removes calcium from bone so it can enter the bloodstream. Inside of adult long bones, yellow bone marrow is located within which of the following? A.) Lamellae B.) Medullary cavity C.) Osteon D.) Spongy bone - ANSWERSB.) Medullary cavity The medullary cavity is a space inside of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow. Which of the following types of tissue serves to fasten and support body parts? A.) Connective B.) Nervous C.) Epithelial D.) Muscle - ANSWERSA.) Connective Connective tissue connects tissues to each other and serves to bind and support body parts.