ANAESTHETIC DRUGS
•This are substances that cause loss of feelings or awareness.
•They are used to prevent pain during surgeries and other procedures
•They are divided into two
~Local anaesthesia
~General anaesthesia
1.Local anaesthetics.
•This are drugs used to relief pain in a localized area,they abolish sensations without interfering
with consciousness.
Mode of action
•They block sensory nerve conduction and their action is irreversible.
•Sensation such as touch,pain and deep pressure are lost
Side effects:They cause Analgesia, Anaesthesia and paralysis
Examples of local anesthetics are:
1:Topical anaesthetic
They block sensory nerve agents in the skin and mucus membranes such as the iris.Example
include:lignocaine
Methocaine
Prilocaine
Benzocaine
2: infiltration anaesthesia
This are solutions injected into the sight to cause anaesthetic effect e.g procaine
3:Spinal cord anaesthetics
A form of regional anaesthesia caused by agents blocking transmission in spinal nerves and
injected intrathecally following lumbar puncture.Examples include:anchocaine
Prilocaine
Adverse effects of local anesthetics
✓central nervous system excitation e.g anxiety, nervousness, restlessness dizziness and tremors
✓Central nervous system depression e.g drowsiness,and unconsciousness.
✓Peripheral vasodilation e.g bradycardia,and arithmias.
✓Allergic reactions in form of ofoedemia,rashes, hypotension,headache, e. t.c.
Nursing points.
1: monitor heart rate that is pulse rate and blood pressure for at least 4 hours following spinal
anaesthesia.
2:Nurse patient in a recumbent position
3:Have equipment available to assist ventilation,mucus extraction e.t.c.
4:Provide emotional support to ease the patient
NB:The ideal properties of local anaesthesics are:It should not be irritable
It should be rapidly acting
With an accurate effect
It should have low
•This are substances that cause loss of feelings or awareness.
•They are used to prevent pain during surgeries and other procedures
•They are divided into two
~Local anaesthesia
~General anaesthesia
1.Local anaesthetics.
•This are drugs used to relief pain in a localized area,they abolish sensations without interfering
with consciousness.
Mode of action
•They block sensory nerve conduction and their action is irreversible.
•Sensation such as touch,pain and deep pressure are lost
Side effects:They cause Analgesia, Anaesthesia and paralysis
Examples of local anesthetics are:
1:Topical anaesthetic
They block sensory nerve agents in the skin and mucus membranes such as the iris.Example
include:lignocaine
Methocaine
Prilocaine
Benzocaine
2: infiltration anaesthesia
This are solutions injected into the sight to cause anaesthetic effect e.g procaine
3:Spinal cord anaesthetics
A form of regional anaesthesia caused by agents blocking transmission in spinal nerves and
injected intrathecally following lumbar puncture.Examples include:anchocaine
Prilocaine
Adverse effects of local anesthetics
✓central nervous system excitation e.g anxiety, nervousness, restlessness dizziness and tremors
✓Central nervous system depression e.g drowsiness,and unconsciousness.
✓Peripheral vasodilation e.g bradycardia,and arithmias.
✓Allergic reactions in form of ofoedemia,rashes, hypotension,headache, e. t.c.
Nursing points.
1: monitor heart rate that is pulse rate and blood pressure for at least 4 hours following spinal
anaesthesia.
2:Nurse patient in a recumbent position
3:Have equipment available to assist ventilation,mucus extraction e.t.c.
4:Provide emotional support to ease the patient
NB:The ideal properties of local anaesthesics are:It should not be irritable
It should be rapidly acting
With an accurate effect
It should have low
