Amanda's Midterm Rapid Fire Review
-Flashcards are cards 2-127
-Practice questions start at card 128
-Happy studying!! I hope these help you! Some cards are section-markers to help me while I study and
switch from topic-to-topic.
Good luck!!!! - ANS: -Flashcards are cards 2-127
-Practice questions start at card 128
Study hard!!!
Acute Kidney Injury definition - ANS: Rapid decrease in renal function leading to inability to maintain
acid-based fluid and electrolyte balance and excrete nitrogenous waste. Generally known to have
occurred over the past 7 days.
How many types of kidney injury are there? - ANS: 3 types of kidney injury.
What are the 3 types of kidney injuries? - ANS: -Prerenal azotemia
-Intrinsic
-Postrenal intrinsic
What is prerenal azotemia? - ANS: Most common type of acute kidney injury associated with
hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, and medications like NSAIDS.
What is intrinsic AKI? - ANS: Injury or damage to tubules, interstitium, vasculature, or glomeruli.
Commonly caused by acute tubular necrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, acute interstitial nephritis,
sepsis, and nephrotoxins.
,Postrenal intrinsic AKI - ANS: Result of a blockage, often caused by prostate disease, neurogenic bladder,
anticholinergic drug therapy, and blood clots.
Urine output less than ____________mL/day indicates severe AKI and poor prognostic outcomes.
A. 200
B. 400
C. 300
D. 100
E. 150 - ANS: Urine output less than 400ML/day indicates severe AKI.
What is the most common complication of AKI? - ANS: Hypertension, secondary to chronic kidney
disease.
Other complications of AKI? - ANS: -hematologic (anemia)
coagulopathy
-acid-base (metabolic acidosis)
-neurologic (uremic encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy)
-endocrine (hypothyroidism)
Your patient comes into the ER, reports a history of anemia and CKD. His hemoglobin is below 9.... what
should you consider? - ANS: Prescribing an erythropoietin stimulating agent.
What lab should the provider use to stage chronic kidney disease? - ANS: GFR. Because GFR is more
reliable than serum creatinine.
,Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used for? - ANS: Used to stage chronic kidney disease, as it is more
reliable than serum creatinine.
True or False: Small kidneys are consistent with chronic kidney disease secondary to progressive loss of
renal parenchyma and increased interstitial fibrosis overtime. - ANS: True. However, the appearance of
normal-sized kidneys does not exclude chronic disease.
Education for CKD patients - ANS: -Restrict animal protein and magnesium
-Limit salt intake to around 2gms/day
-Increase intake of potassium
-Limit processed food and soda intake D/T preservatives (high phosphorus level)
true or false:
Thiazide diuretics work early on in CKD. When the GFR begins to drop below 30, the provider should Rx
a loop diuretic - ANS: True! Thiazide early on, Loop after GFR is below 30
The provider and patient should aim to keep the CKD patient's BP below..... - ANS: 130/80
When treating the hypertensive patient with CKD... the provider should also prescribe.... why should this
be prescribed?
A. Aspirin and Plavix
B. anticoag and ARB
C. ACE inhibitor and ARB
D. ARB and Plavix
, E. Lasix and Coreg - ANS: ACE and ARB. To slow the progression of proteinuria.
What is the goal hemoglobin A1c for the diabetic patient with CKD? - ANS: less than 7
When educating the CKD patient in the office, the provider remembers to instruct the patient to.....
A. Check their blood pressure once a week.
B. Eat only meat and vegetables for at least 6 weeks.
C. Avoid NSAIDs and PPIs bc it can progresses kidney disease and increase creatinine.
D. Exercise at least 1 hour a day and take blood pressure 4 times a day. - ANS: Avoid NSAIDs bc it
progresses kidney disease and increases creatinine.
Providers should also address the patient's ___________________________ risk factors. - ANS:
Cardiovascular
When the GFR is less than ___________ the provider should consider dialysis. - ANS: less than 5-10
What are the labs that are consistent with CKD? - ANS: -Persistent, abnormal GFR for at least 3 months.
-Constant proteinuria
-Renal imaging abnormalities in the setting of a normal GFR
In the case of advanced CKD, ________________, _________________, __________________, and
_______________ __________________ will be present. *Hint: think electrolyte imbalances. - ANS:
Anemia hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis.
In CKD, urinary sediment will have:
A. Thick fatty casts
B. Broad waxy casts
-Flashcards are cards 2-127
-Practice questions start at card 128
-Happy studying!! I hope these help you! Some cards are section-markers to help me while I study and
switch from topic-to-topic.
Good luck!!!! - ANS: -Flashcards are cards 2-127
-Practice questions start at card 128
Study hard!!!
Acute Kidney Injury definition - ANS: Rapid decrease in renal function leading to inability to maintain
acid-based fluid and electrolyte balance and excrete nitrogenous waste. Generally known to have
occurred over the past 7 days.
How many types of kidney injury are there? - ANS: 3 types of kidney injury.
What are the 3 types of kidney injuries? - ANS: -Prerenal azotemia
-Intrinsic
-Postrenal intrinsic
What is prerenal azotemia? - ANS: Most common type of acute kidney injury associated with
hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, and medications like NSAIDS.
What is intrinsic AKI? - ANS: Injury or damage to tubules, interstitium, vasculature, or glomeruli.
Commonly caused by acute tubular necrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, acute interstitial nephritis,
sepsis, and nephrotoxins.
,Postrenal intrinsic AKI - ANS: Result of a blockage, often caused by prostate disease, neurogenic bladder,
anticholinergic drug therapy, and blood clots.
Urine output less than ____________mL/day indicates severe AKI and poor prognostic outcomes.
A. 200
B. 400
C. 300
D. 100
E. 150 - ANS: Urine output less than 400ML/day indicates severe AKI.
What is the most common complication of AKI? - ANS: Hypertension, secondary to chronic kidney
disease.
Other complications of AKI? - ANS: -hematologic (anemia)
coagulopathy
-acid-base (metabolic acidosis)
-neurologic (uremic encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy)
-endocrine (hypothyroidism)
Your patient comes into the ER, reports a history of anemia and CKD. His hemoglobin is below 9.... what
should you consider? - ANS: Prescribing an erythropoietin stimulating agent.
What lab should the provider use to stage chronic kidney disease? - ANS: GFR. Because GFR is more
reliable than serum creatinine.
,Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used for? - ANS: Used to stage chronic kidney disease, as it is more
reliable than serum creatinine.
True or False: Small kidneys are consistent with chronic kidney disease secondary to progressive loss of
renal parenchyma and increased interstitial fibrosis overtime. - ANS: True. However, the appearance of
normal-sized kidneys does not exclude chronic disease.
Education for CKD patients - ANS: -Restrict animal protein and magnesium
-Limit salt intake to around 2gms/day
-Increase intake of potassium
-Limit processed food and soda intake D/T preservatives (high phosphorus level)
true or false:
Thiazide diuretics work early on in CKD. When the GFR begins to drop below 30, the provider should Rx
a loop diuretic - ANS: True! Thiazide early on, Loop after GFR is below 30
The provider and patient should aim to keep the CKD patient's BP below..... - ANS: 130/80
When treating the hypertensive patient with CKD... the provider should also prescribe.... why should this
be prescribed?
A. Aspirin and Plavix
B. anticoag and ARB
C. ACE inhibitor and ARB
D. ARB and Plavix
, E. Lasix and Coreg - ANS: ACE and ARB. To slow the progression of proteinuria.
What is the goal hemoglobin A1c for the diabetic patient with CKD? - ANS: less than 7
When educating the CKD patient in the office, the provider remembers to instruct the patient to.....
A. Check their blood pressure once a week.
B. Eat only meat and vegetables for at least 6 weeks.
C. Avoid NSAIDs and PPIs bc it can progresses kidney disease and increase creatinine.
D. Exercise at least 1 hour a day and take blood pressure 4 times a day. - ANS: Avoid NSAIDs bc it
progresses kidney disease and increases creatinine.
Providers should also address the patient's ___________________________ risk factors. - ANS:
Cardiovascular
When the GFR is less than ___________ the provider should consider dialysis. - ANS: less than 5-10
What are the labs that are consistent with CKD? - ANS: -Persistent, abnormal GFR for at least 3 months.
-Constant proteinuria
-Renal imaging abnormalities in the setting of a normal GFR
In the case of advanced CKD, ________________, _________________, __________________, and
_______________ __________________ will be present. *Hint: think electrolyte imbalances. - ANS:
Anemia hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis.
In CKD, urinary sediment will have:
A. Thick fatty casts
B. Broad waxy casts
