HBIO 202 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Height - Weight Tables
The Met Life Ht/Wt tables, along with frame size were the so- called standards that
individuals were judged on to determine if they were appropriate weight! using elbow
and wrist measurements
How Much Does Human Skeleton Weigh?
Males ~ 14 % of body weight
Females ~ 12 % of body weight
Not enough to make significant differences in Height-Weight Variations!
BMI
- Body Mass Index is ratio of Weight (kg)/ Height (m2 )
This value is gender and weight* independent.
* - for children under age of 16 criterion value for overweight/obesity is different.
BMI Is Used By Health Organizations
BMI is used by CDC in Atlanta to indicate the % of Americans who are normal or
overweight
It is used by Insurance companies and hospitals to determine health and insurability of
individuals
Research has shown that there is a strong link between high BMI and mortality.
, BODY COMPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Direct measure: Chemical analysis of body, requires cadaver study
ALL OTHER TECHNIQUES are PREDICTIVE!
QUALITATIVE METHODS (No Number just RELATIVE amount of fat.
Mirror Test: Look in the mirror and JUDGE yourself. BUT!!!??
Ruler Test for Men
Straight edged ruler should be 180 degrees from xyphoid process to pubic area (straight
line) because men put on fat mainly at Abdomen and Iliac crest ("love handles")
Buoyancy Test
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR BODY COMPOSITION
There are several accurate methods for estimating body composition in humans, but all
have some inherent problems
Skinfolds
Principle is that 50% of fat is subcutaneous so if you can ESTIMATE subcutaneous fat,
can preduct total. Using Skinfold calipers. Variability or error can be +/- 3-5%. Cannot
be done on VERY obese subjects since calipers can only open about 100 mm!
Bio Impedance
This method measures the electrical resistance across the body (normally from Wrist to
Ankle). Electrical resistance is lower if body has more body water! So the technique
TECHNICALLY predicts TBW. Since ALL body water is in FFM, then it predicts FFM
and then FAT! Popularity of hand held (Omron) and Foot Scales (Tanita) has made this
method extremely popular. Variability, about 3-6%.
Hydrostatic Weighing
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Height - Weight Tables
The Met Life Ht/Wt tables, along with frame size were the so- called standards that
individuals were judged on to determine if they were appropriate weight! using elbow
and wrist measurements
How Much Does Human Skeleton Weigh?
Males ~ 14 % of body weight
Females ~ 12 % of body weight
Not enough to make significant differences in Height-Weight Variations!
BMI
- Body Mass Index is ratio of Weight (kg)/ Height (m2 )
This value is gender and weight* independent.
* - for children under age of 16 criterion value for overweight/obesity is different.
BMI Is Used By Health Organizations
BMI is used by CDC in Atlanta to indicate the % of Americans who are normal or
overweight
It is used by Insurance companies and hospitals to determine health and insurability of
individuals
Research has shown that there is a strong link between high BMI and mortality.
, BODY COMPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Direct measure: Chemical analysis of body, requires cadaver study
ALL OTHER TECHNIQUES are PREDICTIVE!
QUALITATIVE METHODS (No Number just RELATIVE amount of fat.
Mirror Test: Look in the mirror and JUDGE yourself. BUT!!!??
Ruler Test for Men
Straight edged ruler should be 180 degrees from xyphoid process to pubic area (straight
line) because men put on fat mainly at Abdomen and Iliac crest ("love handles")
Buoyancy Test
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR BODY COMPOSITION
There are several accurate methods for estimating body composition in humans, but all
have some inherent problems
Skinfolds
Principle is that 50% of fat is subcutaneous so if you can ESTIMATE subcutaneous fat,
can preduct total. Using Skinfold calipers. Variability or error can be +/- 3-5%. Cannot
be done on VERY obese subjects since calipers can only open about 100 mm!
Bio Impedance
This method measures the electrical resistance across the body (normally from Wrist to
Ankle). Electrical resistance is lower if body has more body water! So the technique
TECHNICALLY predicts TBW. Since ALL body water is in FFM, then it predicts FFM
and then FAT! Popularity of hand held (Omron) and Foot Scales (Tanita) has made this
method extremely popular. Variability, about 3-6%.
Hydrostatic Weighing
