HBIO 202 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
Antioxidants
act against free radical formation
Bioavailability
the degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body
Provitamin
a substance that is converted into a vitamin in the body
Vitamin A functions
Important for vision, immune system function, and cell growth.
Vitamin A deficiency
- night blindness
- xerophthalmia (permanent damage to the cornea)
- age related macular degeneration (AMD): a disease that affects the macula of the
retina, causing blurry visions
Vitamin E function
Acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage; also important for immune
function and skin health
Vitamin E deficiency
,causes nerve problems, muscle weakness, and free radical damage to cell membranes
Vitamin K function
Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism, enables bone protein osteocalcin to
bind with calcium.
Vitamin K deficiency
hemorrhage
Two forms of Vitamin K
menaquinone and phylloquinone
menaquinone
form of vitamin K that's synthesized by intestinal bacteria
phylloquinone
the form of vitamin K found in plants
Vitamin D function
Essential for bone health as it helps the body absorb calcium; also important for
immune system function
regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency in children
osteomalacia
adult equivalent of rickets
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) function
, transmission of nerve impulses, boosts metabolism of carbs and certain amino acids,
and plays a role in breakdown of alcohol in the body
Vitamin B1 deficiencies
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: a progressively damaging brain disorder
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) function
important for energy metabolism, keeps cells healthy, and enhances functions of other
B vitamins such as niacin and B12
Vitamin B3 (niacin) function
energy metabolism, synthesize fat and cholesterol, and keep skin cells and digestive
system healthy
Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency
pellagra: 4 D's- Diarrhea, Dermatitis, dementia and death.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) function
Important for normal brain development and keeping the nervous and immune systems
healthy
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Scaly dermatitis, depression, confusion, convulsions, anemia
Vitamin B9 (folate) function
vital for DNA synthesis, creates and maintains new cells including red blood cells.
Folic Acid
synthetic form of folate added to foods and supplements
Vitamin B9 deficiency
folate-deficiency anemia and neural tube birth defects
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
Antioxidants
act against free radical formation
Bioavailability
the degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body
Provitamin
a substance that is converted into a vitamin in the body
Vitamin A functions
Important for vision, immune system function, and cell growth.
Vitamin A deficiency
- night blindness
- xerophthalmia (permanent damage to the cornea)
- age related macular degeneration (AMD): a disease that affects the macula of the
retina, causing blurry visions
Vitamin E function
Acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage; also important for immune
function and skin health
Vitamin E deficiency
,causes nerve problems, muscle weakness, and free radical damage to cell membranes
Vitamin K function
Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism, enables bone protein osteocalcin to
bind with calcium.
Vitamin K deficiency
hemorrhage
Two forms of Vitamin K
menaquinone and phylloquinone
menaquinone
form of vitamin K that's synthesized by intestinal bacteria
phylloquinone
the form of vitamin K found in plants
Vitamin D function
Essential for bone health as it helps the body absorb calcium; also important for
immune system function
regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency in children
osteomalacia
adult equivalent of rickets
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) function
, transmission of nerve impulses, boosts metabolism of carbs and certain amino acids,
and plays a role in breakdown of alcohol in the body
Vitamin B1 deficiencies
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: a progressively damaging brain disorder
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) function
important for energy metabolism, keeps cells healthy, and enhances functions of other
B vitamins such as niacin and B12
Vitamin B3 (niacin) function
energy metabolism, synthesize fat and cholesterol, and keep skin cells and digestive
system healthy
Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency
pellagra: 4 D's- Diarrhea, Dermatitis, dementia and death.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) function
Important for normal brain development and keeping the nervous and immune systems
healthy
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Scaly dermatitis, depression, confusion, convulsions, anemia
Vitamin B9 (folate) function
vital for DNA synthesis, creates and maintains new cells including red blood cells.
Folic Acid
synthetic form of folate added to foods and supplements
Vitamin B9 deficiency
folate-deficiency anemia and neural tube birth defects
