HBIO 202 MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
GI Tract (gastrointestinal tract)
mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, a part of the digestive system
Ingestion of food and through echanical and chemical breakdown, eventually allow
nutrients to be absorbed into blood and lymphatic system
Mouth
is the "point of entry", physical breakdown of food by chewing, thus increasing surface
area enzyme action. Also, beginning of starch digestion (salivary analayse)
Esophagus
lined with smooth muscle, swallowing is an active muscular process. Food passes down
to cardiac sphincter
Stomach
storage, mixing and digestion. Capacity ~1 liter. Secretions include Pepsin (port
enzyme), HCL, and thick mucus that protects stomach lining
HCL acid
is important because it helps activate pepsin
pepsin
becomes actives in pH of ~2-3. Becomes inactive if pH is over 4 (thus the role that
alkalin buffers have to relieve stomach distress)
, gastric emptying
stomach contents empty into the Duodendum
Small intestine (SI)
organ where the majority of digestion and absorption takes place
-3 parts: Duodenum, Jejunum (all the stuff happens), Ileum
-has large surface area for maximum absorption
Large intestine (LI)
SI empties into the LI at the Ileocecal valve
-about 500ml of fluid enters the LI each day, on 50 ml of fluid is actually lost in fecal
matter do 90% of fluid is reabsorbed, along with some minerals
-Bacterian in the LI acts on undigested foods to synthesize vitamins E and K and some
FFA
-LI is also known as the Colon
-If transit moves along LI too rapidly, time for absorption is less and thus more water in
feces, resulting in diarrhea
-constipation is when there is no more than 2 BM for a week, eating less plant base
food can cause this and movers include: wheat bran, psyllium, prunes, and coffee
Celiac Disease
disease where inside of intestine flattens out. May be exacerbated by gluten, a protein
which is found in wheat, rye, and barely
ulcers
erosion of the lining of the stomach and/or SI
diverticulosis
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
GI Tract (gastrointestinal tract)
mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, a part of the digestive system
Ingestion of food and through echanical and chemical breakdown, eventually allow
nutrients to be absorbed into blood and lymphatic system
Mouth
is the "point of entry", physical breakdown of food by chewing, thus increasing surface
area enzyme action. Also, beginning of starch digestion (salivary analayse)
Esophagus
lined with smooth muscle, swallowing is an active muscular process. Food passes down
to cardiac sphincter
Stomach
storage, mixing and digestion. Capacity ~1 liter. Secretions include Pepsin (port
enzyme), HCL, and thick mucus that protects stomach lining
HCL acid
is important because it helps activate pepsin
pepsin
becomes actives in pH of ~2-3. Becomes inactive if pH is over 4 (thus the role that
alkalin buffers have to relieve stomach distress)
, gastric emptying
stomach contents empty into the Duodendum
Small intestine (SI)
organ where the majority of digestion and absorption takes place
-3 parts: Duodenum, Jejunum (all the stuff happens), Ileum
-has large surface area for maximum absorption
Large intestine (LI)
SI empties into the LI at the Ileocecal valve
-about 500ml of fluid enters the LI each day, on 50 ml of fluid is actually lost in fecal
matter do 90% of fluid is reabsorbed, along with some minerals
-Bacterian in the LI acts on undigested foods to synthesize vitamins E and K and some
FFA
-LI is also known as the Colon
-If transit moves along LI too rapidly, time for absorption is less and thus more water in
feces, resulting in diarrhea
-constipation is when there is no more than 2 BM for a week, eating less plant base
food can cause this and movers include: wheat bran, psyllium, prunes, and coffee
Celiac Disease
disease where inside of intestine flattens out. May be exacerbated by gluten, a protein
which is found in wheat, rye, and barely
ulcers
erosion of the lining of the stomach and/or SI
diverticulosis
