HBIO 202 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Arteries, veins, capillaries
three types of blood vessels are present in the circulatory system
Complete Heart Block
the impulse generated in the SA node does not propagate to the ventricles
Arteriosclerosis
the walls of the arteries become thick/stiff and may restrict blood flow to organs and
tissues
Atherosclerosis
the most common form of arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to excessive build
up of plaque around the artery wall
Coronary heart disease, coronary microvascular disease, carotid artery disease,
peripheral arterial disease
atherosclerosis can affect any artery
Myocardial infraction
coronary artery occlusion from blood clots (thrombi) that detach from plaque or
hemorrhage (rupture of the blood vessels), lack of perfusion causes this
Heart failure
,if cardiomyocytes die because of myocardial infraction, the heart may undergo ____
____
Heart failure
reduced ejection fraction: <= 40%
<=40%
heart failure: reduced ejection fraction _____
Lipids
category of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
fat
common name for just one type of lipid known as triglyceride
fatty acids
chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with acid group (COOH at one end)
Short chain fatty acids
up to 5 carbons
up to 5 carbons
short chain fatty acids
medium chain fatty acids
6-12 carbons
6-12 carbons
medium chain fatty acids
long chain fatty acids
13-21 carbons
13-21 carbons
,long chain fatty acids
very long chain fatty acids
more than 21 carbons
more than 21 carbons
very long chain fatty acids
saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids
three main types of fatty acids
saturated fatty acids
all carbon atoms are saturated with as many hydrogen atoms as possible
monounsaturated fatty acids
one double bond (olive oil)
polyunsaturated fatty acids
more than one double bond
saturated fats
_____ __ have no double bonds
double bonds
saturated fats have no ______ ___
unsaturated fats
_____ ___ have double bonds
triglyceride
three fatty acids connected to glycerol "backbone"
Phospholipids
have glycerol backbone but two fatty acids and a phosphorus group
, emulsifier
lecithin used a ____ in foods such as salad dressings to keep oils and water mixed
together
sterols
composed mainly of four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen (EX: cholesterol)
micelles
lecithin in bile is packaged with monoglycerides and fatty acids to create ____ for
absorption
lymph
long chain fatty acids enter ____ and need transport carriers
hydrogenation
trans facts are created by food manufacturers through the process of _______
denaturation
the alteration (unfolding) of a protein's shape, which changes the structure and function
of the protein (EX: cooking eggs, the texture changes)
amino acid pools
amino acids - a limited supply is stored in _____ in blood and cells for needed protein
synthesis
Protein turnover
process of continuous breakdown and synthesis of protein from its amino acids
Amino acids (essential vs. not essential), peptides, proteins (with specific
configuration)
protein structure
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Arteries, veins, capillaries
three types of blood vessels are present in the circulatory system
Complete Heart Block
the impulse generated in the SA node does not propagate to the ventricles
Arteriosclerosis
the walls of the arteries become thick/stiff and may restrict blood flow to organs and
tissues
Atherosclerosis
the most common form of arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to excessive build
up of plaque around the artery wall
Coronary heart disease, coronary microvascular disease, carotid artery disease,
peripheral arterial disease
atherosclerosis can affect any artery
Myocardial infraction
coronary artery occlusion from blood clots (thrombi) that detach from plaque or
hemorrhage (rupture of the blood vessels), lack of perfusion causes this
Heart failure
,if cardiomyocytes die because of myocardial infraction, the heart may undergo ____
____
Heart failure
reduced ejection fraction: <= 40%
<=40%
heart failure: reduced ejection fraction _____
Lipids
category of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
fat
common name for just one type of lipid known as triglyceride
fatty acids
chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with acid group (COOH at one end)
Short chain fatty acids
up to 5 carbons
up to 5 carbons
short chain fatty acids
medium chain fatty acids
6-12 carbons
6-12 carbons
medium chain fatty acids
long chain fatty acids
13-21 carbons
13-21 carbons
,long chain fatty acids
very long chain fatty acids
more than 21 carbons
more than 21 carbons
very long chain fatty acids
saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids
three main types of fatty acids
saturated fatty acids
all carbon atoms are saturated with as many hydrogen atoms as possible
monounsaturated fatty acids
one double bond (olive oil)
polyunsaturated fatty acids
more than one double bond
saturated fats
_____ __ have no double bonds
double bonds
saturated fats have no ______ ___
unsaturated fats
_____ ___ have double bonds
triglyceride
three fatty acids connected to glycerol "backbone"
Phospholipids
have glycerol backbone but two fatty acids and a phosphorus group
, emulsifier
lecithin used a ____ in foods such as salad dressings to keep oils and water mixed
together
sterols
composed mainly of four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen (EX: cholesterol)
micelles
lecithin in bile is packaged with monoglycerides and fatty acids to create ____ for
absorption
lymph
long chain fatty acids enter ____ and need transport carriers
hydrogenation
trans facts are created by food manufacturers through the process of _______
denaturation
the alteration (unfolding) of a protein's shape, which changes the structure and function
of the protein (EX: cooking eggs, the texture changes)
amino acid pools
amino acids - a limited supply is stored in _____ in blood and cells for needed protein
synthesis
Protein turnover
process of continuous breakdown and synthesis of protein from its amino acids
Amino acids (essential vs. not essential), peptides, proteins (with specific
configuration)
protein structure
