MIDTERM HBIO202 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE

MIDTERM HBIO202 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE What drives food choices? -Obtain nutrients: chemical compounds for energy -Macro: provide energy in the form of kilocalories -Micro: helps regulate many body processes such as metabolism -Obtain non-nutrient compounds: fight chronic diseases -fiber Many Factors Influence food choices -Emotions -Cost -Taste -Trends -Nutrition Knowledge What is nutrition? the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health Why is good nutrition important? Good nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions, including heart disease, cancer, and stroke What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them? -Macronutrients: energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts -Micronutrients: needed in smaller amounts -Water: copious amounts needed daily for hydration What are macronutrients? carbohydrates, fats, proteins -provide energy -Are organic compounds (contain carbon atoms) Classification of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides -Glucose, Fructose, galactose Disaccharides -Sucrose, Lactose Classification of Lipids triglycerides -Made of fatty acids and glycerol phospholipids -Made of fatty acids and a phosphate head sterols What are the roles of lipids? - cell membranes (structure) - a source of energy (fuel) - hormones (signal) - insulation & protection - solvent functions of proteins -Movement by microfilaments -provide Enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase -provide Structure like keratin -produce Hormones such as insulin -Produce antibodies for protection -transport via hemoglobin Structure of protein Amino acids -peptide - protein Flow of genetic information DNA - RNA - Protein How to calculate the amount of energy a food provides: Multiply the total grams of a nutrient by the number of calories per gram -1 gram of carbohydrate or protein = 4 calories -1 gram of fat = 9 calories Dietary essential nutrients We cannot create them -Vitamins, Minerals, Trace Elements What are Vitamins Organic micronutrients with diverse biological functions -Vit D & A (Pro-hormone, Morphogen)