HBIO 202 - MIDTERM 2 (UPDATE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Substrate
fuel sources from which we make energy (i.e. ATP)
sources include carbs, fats, and protein
Bioenergetics
Conversion of substrates into energy through chemical pathways
Metabolism
collectively all of the chemical reactions in the body
1st step of cellular respiration
glycolysis
2nd step of cellular respiration
Krebs cycle
3rd step of cellular respiration
electron transport chain
cellular respiration
a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to
convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then
release waste products.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
,transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. It is stored as a
substrate in your body
How is ATP made?
during cellular respiration and takes place in both plants and animals
What is a substrate for cellular respiration?
Fat
What stores the most energy in atp?
Fat
Which is least likely to be broken down to make ATP?
Protein
digestive process
a multistep process of breaking down foods into absorbable components using
mechanical and chemical means in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
GI tract
a 30 feet (9-meters) long continuous tube and the cells lining it function for 3-5 days,
then shed into the lumen (interior of the intestinal tract
mechanical digestion
chops up food, grinding/mixing of food and movement of food through the system
Mastication
chewing of food into smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion
break down of food into absorbable nutrients
mouth
, 1st step in digestion
Pharynx
4-inch muscular tube (throat) and directs air from nose and mouth down to your larynx
and delivers food to your esophagus which sends to the stomach
Bolus
A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva
Epiglottis
closes off trachea during swallowing to prevent food from lodging in the windpipe
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
stomach
a hollow muscular organ w/ 3 layers of muscle. Stores, mixes, and prepares food for
digestion. produces powerful digestive secretions
Chyme
a semiliquid substance containing digestive secretions with the original food
HCI
activates enzyme pepsin, enhances absorption of minerals, breaks down connective
tissue of meat
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
Includes Duodenum (shortest segment), Jejunum, and Ileum (longest segment)
largest organ in the body
liver
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Substrate
fuel sources from which we make energy (i.e. ATP)
sources include carbs, fats, and protein
Bioenergetics
Conversion of substrates into energy through chemical pathways
Metabolism
collectively all of the chemical reactions in the body
1st step of cellular respiration
glycolysis
2nd step of cellular respiration
Krebs cycle
3rd step of cellular respiration
electron transport chain
cellular respiration
a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to
convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then
release waste products.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
,transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. It is stored as a
substrate in your body
How is ATP made?
during cellular respiration and takes place in both plants and animals
What is a substrate for cellular respiration?
Fat
What stores the most energy in atp?
Fat
Which is least likely to be broken down to make ATP?
Protein
digestive process
a multistep process of breaking down foods into absorbable components using
mechanical and chemical means in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
GI tract
a 30 feet (9-meters) long continuous tube and the cells lining it function for 3-5 days,
then shed into the lumen (interior of the intestinal tract
mechanical digestion
chops up food, grinding/mixing of food and movement of food through the system
Mastication
chewing of food into smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion
break down of food into absorbable nutrients
mouth
, 1st step in digestion
Pharynx
4-inch muscular tube (throat) and directs air from nose and mouth down to your larynx
and delivers food to your esophagus which sends to the stomach
Bolus
A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva
Epiglottis
closes off trachea during swallowing to prevent food from lodging in the windpipe
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
stomach
a hollow muscular organ w/ 3 layers of muscle. Stores, mixes, and prepares food for
digestion. produces powerful digestive secretions
Chyme
a semiliquid substance containing digestive secretions with the original food
HCI
activates enzyme pepsin, enhances absorption of minerals, breaks down connective
tissue of meat
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
Includes Duodenum (shortest segment), Jejunum, and Ileum (longest segment)
largest organ in the body
liver
