BIOB33 MODULE 9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What are the four main communication mechanisms of the endocrine system?
Gap junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrines, hormones.
What is the difference between the nervous and endocrine systems?
Nervous system is short term and provides specific responses, endocrine is long term
and more general.
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands carry secretion to epithelial surface or mucosa, endocrine glands allow
for easy uptake of hormones into blood stream.
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
What controls hormones from adenophypophysis?
Hypothalamic secretions.
Name the steps in the hypophyseal portal system.
Secretions leave primary plexus, secretions enter into portal vessels, secretions arrive
at the secondary plexus, secondary plexus surrounds the five cell types of the
adenohypohysis.
What are the five cell types of the adenohypophysis?
Thyrotropes, corticotropes, gonadotropes, lactotropes, somatotropes.
What are neurosecretions?
, Hormones released by hypothalamic neurons.
What is the function of ADH?
Water retention, constricts peripheral blood vessels.
What is the function of oxytocin?
Targets uterus and mammary glands in females, targets prostate in males.
What are the cells in the thyroid called?
T thyrocyctes
What are the two thyroid hormones?
T4 and T3.
What cells produce calcitonin?
C thyrocytes.
What does calcitonin do?
Regulates blood calcium levels by reducing ion concentration, targets osteoclasts of
bones, nephrons of kidneys.
What does parathyroid hormone do?
Increases blood calcium levels.
Name the three zones of the adrenal cortex.
Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, zona reticularis.
What do each of the three adrenal cortex zones produce?
Glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), fasciculate produces cortisol,
reticularis produces small amounts of androgens.
How many types of chromaffin cells are there in the adrenal medulla? What do
they produce?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What are the four main communication mechanisms of the endocrine system?
Gap junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrines, hormones.
What is the difference between the nervous and endocrine systems?
Nervous system is short term and provides specific responses, endocrine is long term
and more general.
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands carry secretion to epithelial surface or mucosa, endocrine glands allow
for easy uptake of hormones into blood stream.
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
What controls hormones from adenophypophysis?
Hypothalamic secretions.
Name the steps in the hypophyseal portal system.
Secretions leave primary plexus, secretions enter into portal vessels, secretions arrive
at the secondary plexus, secondary plexus surrounds the five cell types of the
adenohypohysis.
What are the five cell types of the adenohypophysis?
Thyrotropes, corticotropes, gonadotropes, lactotropes, somatotropes.
What are neurosecretions?
, Hormones released by hypothalamic neurons.
What is the function of ADH?
Water retention, constricts peripheral blood vessels.
What is the function of oxytocin?
Targets uterus and mammary glands in females, targets prostate in males.
What are the cells in the thyroid called?
T thyrocyctes
What are the two thyroid hormones?
T4 and T3.
What cells produce calcitonin?
C thyrocytes.
What does calcitonin do?
Regulates blood calcium levels by reducing ion concentration, targets osteoclasts of
bones, nephrons of kidneys.
What does parathyroid hormone do?
Increases blood calcium levels.
Name the three zones of the adrenal cortex.
Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, zona reticularis.
What do each of the three adrenal cortex zones produce?
Glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), fasciculate produces cortisol,
reticularis produces small amounts of androgens.
How many types of chromaffin cells are there in the adrenal medulla? What do
they produce?
