BIOB33 -MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, leverage, storage of minerals, blood cell production
What is the composition of bone matrix?
Calcium phosphate and collagen fibers
What is the role of calcium phosphate in bone matrix?
It eventually converts to hydroxyapatite crystals, which resist compression
What is the role of collagen fibers in bone matrix?
They contribute to the tensile strength of bones
What is the percentage of bone mass made up by calcium phosphate?
2/3
What is the percentage of bone mass made up by collagen fibers?
1/3
What is the role of osteocytes?
They maintain protein and mineral content, and release calcium ions from the bone to
the blood
What is the structure associated with osteocytes?
Lamella
What are the small channels connecting lacunae called?
Canaliculi
,What is the role of osteoblasts?
They are bone-forming cells that produce osteoid and are involved in making new bone
What is the process of making new bone called?
Osteogenesis
What are osteoprojenitor/osteogenic cells?
Bone stem cells that give rise to most other types of bone cells
Where are osteoprojenitor/osteogenic cells found?
In the innermost layer of periosteum and the inner lining of endosteum
What is the role of osteoclast cells?
They are multinucleated bone-dissolving cells that secrete acids to dissolve bones and
release stored calcium and phosphate ions
What are the two types of bone?
Compact and spongy bone
What is compact bone?
Dense and solid bone that forms the walls of bone.
What is spongy bone?
Open network of plates that surrounds the medullary cavity.
What are the components of compact bone?
Osteons, osteocytes, central canal, canaliculi, lacunae, lamellae, and perforating
canals.
What are the components of spongy bone?
Arranged in parallel struts called trabeculae, which form an open network.
What is the function of compact bone?
, Provides strength and support to the bone.
What is the function of spongy bone?
Creates the lightweight nature of bones.
What is an osteon?
The basic structural unit of compact bone.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that are located within lacunae.
What is the central canal?
A channel in the center of each osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.
What are canaliculi?
Tiny channels that connect lacunae and allow for exchange of nutrients and waste.
What are lacunae?
Small spaces within the bone matrix that contain osteocytes.
What are lamellae?
Concentric layers of bone matrix that surround the central canal.
What are perforating canals?
Channels that connect the central canals of adjacent osteons.
What are trabeculae?
Parallel struts of bone that make up spongy bone.
What is the function of trabeculae?
Provide support and strength to spongy bone.
What is the epiphysis?
The ends of long bones.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, leverage, storage of minerals, blood cell production
What is the composition of bone matrix?
Calcium phosphate and collagen fibers
What is the role of calcium phosphate in bone matrix?
It eventually converts to hydroxyapatite crystals, which resist compression
What is the role of collagen fibers in bone matrix?
They contribute to the tensile strength of bones
What is the percentage of bone mass made up by calcium phosphate?
2/3
What is the percentage of bone mass made up by collagen fibers?
1/3
What is the role of osteocytes?
They maintain protein and mineral content, and release calcium ions from the bone to
the blood
What is the structure associated with osteocytes?
Lamella
What are the small channels connecting lacunae called?
Canaliculi
,What is the role of osteoblasts?
They are bone-forming cells that produce osteoid and are involved in making new bone
What is the process of making new bone called?
Osteogenesis
What are osteoprojenitor/osteogenic cells?
Bone stem cells that give rise to most other types of bone cells
Where are osteoprojenitor/osteogenic cells found?
In the innermost layer of periosteum and the inner lining of endosteum
What is the role of osteoclast cells?
They are multinucleated bone-dissolving cells that secrete acids to dissolve bones and
release stored calcium and phosphate ions
What are the two types of bone?
Compact and spongy bone
What is compact bone?
Dense and solid bone that forms the walls of bone.
What is spongy bone?
Open network of plates that surrounds the medullary cavity.
What are the components of compact bone?
Osteons, osteocytes, central canal, canaliculi, lacunae, lamellae, and perforating
canals.
What are the components of spongy bone?
Arranged in parallel struts called trabeculae, which form an open network.
What is the function of compact bone?
, Provides strength and support to the bone.
What is the function of spongy bone?
Creates the lightweight nature of bones.
What is an osteon?
The basic structural unit of compact bone.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that are located within lacunae.
What is the central canal?
A channel in the center of each osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.
What are canaliculi?
Tiny channels that connect lacunae and allow for exchange of nutrients and waste.
What are lacunae?
Small spaces within the bone matrix that contain osteocytes.
What are lamellae?
Concentric layers of bone matrix that surround the central canal.
What are perforating canals?
Channels that connect the central canals of adjacent osteons.
What are trabeculae?
Parallel struts of bone that make up spongy bone.
What is the function of trabeculae?
Provide support and strength to spongy bone.
What is the epiphysis?
The ends of long bones.
