BN517 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What is a drug?
any chemical other than food that can affect living processes
What are the purposes of drugs?
Diagnosis (barium)
Curative (antibiotics)
Supportive (paracetamol)
palliative (NSAIDs for pain)
Prophylaxis (vaccinations)
Restorative (vitamins)
Substitutive (insulin, iron)
Recreation (methamphetamine, alcohol)
drug use
occurs when sought-after effect is realised with minimum hazard
Drug misuse
drug is used in such a way to significantly increase the potential hazard
Drug abuse
occurs when a drug is used repeatedly for other than its intended effects
,Categories of drugs
1. herbal
2. over the counter
3. prescription
4. Tobacco
5. alcohol
6. illicit
A 'good' drug
- Unlikely to produce serious unwanted effects.
- Easy to administer.
- Pleasant to take.
- Of suitable duration of action.
- Chemically stable.
- Cheap
Examples of who can prescribe medication
nurse practitioners,
Medical Practitioner, optometrists, dentists,
registered midwives, and designated prescribers
Chemical name of drug
Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure
The approved (generic) name of a drug
,Official drug name
Needs to be distinct in sound and spelling, preferably related to the names of similar drugs
Proprietary (trade) name(s) of drug
copyrights restrict the use of the name to an individual drug company
What are ethical issues in pharmacology
Animal testing
Use of technology
Advertising of medicines
Clinical trials
Drug company and prescriber relationship
Pharmacoeconomics - rationing of care
at risk groups
Elderly
children
pregnant women and their foetus
those with altered mental state
- psychiatric
- developmental
What are the 5 medicine and drug acts?
•Medicines Act 1981
•Medicines Act Amended 2005
•Medicines Regulations 1984
, •Misues of Drugs Act 1975
•Misuse of Drugs Regulation
Prescription must include
- the patient's name and address (right patient)
- date written, generic drug name (right drug)
- drug strength and dosage (right dose)
- route of administration (right route)
- dosage instructions or frequency (right time)
- bears the signature, name and address of the prescriber
Types of prescription
Telephone orders
Oral - standing orders
Hospital drug charts
Faxed Prescription (not legally acceptable)
Electronic drug charts
telephone and standing orders
Can be taken if the doctor cannot be present
Must be through to a nurse entitled to administer it
The doctor must ASAP, write out the drug order & sign it
(Faxed prescription can confirm an oral order but is not legally acceptable)
9 rights of drug administration
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What is a drug?
any chemical other than food that can affect living processes
What are the purposes of drugs?
Diagnosis (barium)
Curative (antibiotics)
Supportive (paracetamol)
palliative (NSAIDs for pain)
Prophylaxis (vaccinations)
Restorative (vitamins)
Substitutive (insulin, iron)
Recreation (methamphetamine, alcohol)
drug use
occurs when sought-after effect is realised with minimum hazard
Drug misuse
drug is used in such a way to significantly increase the potential hazard
Drug abuse
occurs when a drug is used repeatedly for other than its intended effects
,Categories of drugs
1. herbal
2. over the counter
3. prescription
4. Tobacco
5. alcohol
6. illicit
A 'good' drug
- Unlikely to produce serious unwanted effects.
- Easy to administer.
- Pleasant to take.
- Of suitable duration of action.
- Chemically stable.
- Cheap
Examples of who can prescribe medication
nurse practitioners,
Medical Practitioner, optometrists, dentists,
registered midwives, and designated prescribers
Chemical name of drug
Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure
The approved (generic) name of a drug
,Official drug name
Needs to be distinct in sound and spelling, preferably related to the names of similar drugs
Proprietary (trade) name(s) of drug
copyrights restrict the use of the name to an individual drug company
What are ethical issues in pharmacology
Animal testing
Use of technology
Advertising of medicines
Clinical trials
Drug company and prescriber relationship
Pharmacoeconomics - rationing of care
at risk groups
Elderly
children
pregnant women and their foetus
those with altered mental state
- psychiatric
- developmental
What are the 5 medicine and drug acts?
•Medicines Act 1981
•Medicines Act Amended 2005
•Medicines Regulations 1984
, •Misues of Drugs Act 1975
•Misuse of Drugs Regulation
Prescription must include
- the patient's name and address (right patient)
- date written, generic drug name (right drug)
- drug strength and dosage (right dose)
- route of administration (right route)
- dosage instructions or frequency (right time)
- bears the signature, name and address of the prescriber
Types of prescription
Telephone orders
Oral - standing orders
Hospital drug charts
Faxed Prescription (not legally acceptable)
Electronic drug charts
telephone and standing orders
Can be taken if the doctor cannot be present
Must be through to a nurse entitled to administer it
The doctor must ASAP, write out the drug order & sign it
(Faxed prescription can confirm an oral order but is not legally acceptable)
9 rights of drug administration
