BN517 - PHARMACOLOGY DEFINITIONS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE

BN517 - PHARMACOLOGY DEFINITIONS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE The way a drug affects the body Pharmacodynamics the way the body deals with a drug, including absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion Pharmacokinetics Drugs given orally that are carried directly to the liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can enter the general circulation, oral drugs are generally given in higher doses than drugs given by other routes because of this early breakdown. First-Pass Effect/Metabolism Drug that interacts directly with a receptor site to cause an effect Agonist Drug that interacts directly with receptor but does not cause an effect, instead blocks it. Antagonist The amount of drug that is free in the blood, available to bind with receptors and cause therapeutic changes. Bioavailability Specific areas on a cell membrane that react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell. Receptor Sites Protein on the surface of a cell (or inside a cell) that selectively binds a specific substance (drug, neurotransmitter or hormone) and delivers a signal to the cell. Receptor Proteins that act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes A substance that binds to and gets changed in some way by an enzyme Substrate is the amount of drug required to produce 50% of the maximal effect. That is, the more potent the drug the lower the dose required. Potency A higher dose than usually needed for treatment, and then maintained by the recommended dosing schedule. Loading Dose The time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the plasma or the total amount in the body to be reduced by 50% Half-Life Constant plasma drug concentration that maintains the desired pharmacological response. Steady State