WGU C963 American Politics and the US C
v v v v v v v
onstitution – v
Questions and Answers Already Passed
v v v v v
Naturalvrightsv✔✔Life,vLiberty,vandvProperty
JohnvLockev✔✔17thvcenturyvEnglishvphilosophervwhovopposedvthevDivinevRightvofvKingsvand
whovassertedvthatvpeoplevhavevavnaturalvrightvtovlife,vliberty,vandvproperty.
StatevofvNaturev✔✔Hypotheticalvconditionvassumedvtovexistvinvthevabsencevofvgovernmentvwhere
humanvbeingsvlivevinv"complete"vfreedomvandvgeneralvequality.
DuevProcessv✔✔involvesvthevgovernment'svobligationvtovtreatvallvcitizensvfairly.vSuchva
requirementvlessensvthevextentvtovwhichvgovernmentvpowervcanvbevexercisedvovervthevindividual,
makingvthevpowervdifferentialvbetweenvthevtwovmorevfair,vandvensuringvavgeneralvsensevof
politicalvequality
SocialvContractv✔✔Avvoluntaryvagreementvamongvindividualsvtovsecurevtheirvrightsvandvwelfare
byvcreatingvavgovernmentvandvabidingvbyvitsvrules.
,ThomasvHobbesv(1588-1679)v✔✔Onevofvthevfirstvindividualsvtovcontributevtovthevideavofvthe
socialvcontractvwasvavpre-EnlightenmentvEnglishvphilosopher
Leviathanv(1651):vThomasvHobbesv✔✔Hobbesvarguesvthatvsocietyvisvnotvsomethingvnaturalvand
immutable,vbutvrathervitvisvsomethingvcreatedvbyvus.
LaborvMovementv✔✔thevformationvofvlaborvunions,vduringvthev1880's,vforvthevworkersvtovreceive
bettervtreatmentvby
Constitutionv✔✔Avdocumentvwhichvspellsvoutvthevprinciplesvbyvwhichvavgovernmentvrunsvandvthe
fundamentalvlawsvthatvgovernvavsociety
BillvofvRightsv✔✔ThevfirstvtenvamendmentsvtovthevConstitution
DeclarationvofvIndependencev✔✔thevdocumentvrecordingvthevproclamationvofvthevsecond
ContinentalvCongressv(4vJulyv1776)vassertingvthevindependencevofvthevcoloniesvfromvGreat
Britain
ThomasvJeffersonv✔✔WrotevthevDeclarationvofvIndependence
,Shays'svRebellionv(1786-1787)v✔✔whichvalmostvresultedvinvpotentialvmobvrule,vsuggestedvthere
mightvbevtoovmuchvdemocracyvatvplay,vandvthatvmaybevindividualvlibertyvwasvgoingvtoovfar
ArticlesvofvConfederationv✔✔AvweakvconstitutionvthatvgovernedvAmericavduringvthe
RevolutionaryvWar.
Federalistvno.v51v✔✔Arguesvthatvseparationvofvpowersvwithinvthevnationalvgovernmentvisvthevbest
wayvtovpreventvthevconcentrationvofvpowervinvthevhandsvofvonevpersonvorvavsinglevgroup.
FirstvAmendmentv✔✔Congressvshallvmakevnovlawvrespectingvanvestablishmentvofvreligion,vor
prohibitingvthevfreevexercisevthereof;vorvabridgingvthevfreedomvofvspeech,vorvofvthevpress;vorvthe
rightvofvthevpeoplevpeaceablyvtovassemble,vandvtovpetitionvthevgovernmentvforvavredressvof
grievances.
SecondvAmendmentv✔✔Rightvtovkeepvandvbearvarms
ThirdvAmendmentv✔✔Thevgovernmentvmayvnotvhousevsoldiersvinvprivatevhomesvwithoutvconsent
ofvthevowner
, ForthvAmendmentv✔✔Itvprotectsvpeoplevagainstvunfairvsearchesvofvtheirvhomes;vsearchvand
seizure.
FifthvAmendmentv✔✔Avconstitutionalvamendmentvdesignedvtovprotectvthevrightsvofvpersons
accusedvofvcrimes,vincludingvprotectionvagainstvdoublevjeopardy,vself-incrimination,vand
punishmentvwithoutvduevprocessvofvlaw.
SixthvAmendmentv✔✔Rightvtovavspeedyvandvpublicvtrial
SeventhvAmendmentv✔✔Rightvtovavtrialvbyvjuryvinvcivilvcases
EighthvAmendmentv✔✔Novcruelvandvunusualvpunishment
NinethvAmendmentv✔✔peoplesvrightsvarevnotvjustvlimitedvtovthosevlistedvinvthevConstitutionvand
BillvofvRights
TenthvAmendmentv✔✔Amendmentvstatingvthatvthevpowersvnotvdelegatedvtovthevfederalvgov.vare
reservedvtovthevstates
v v v v v v v
onstitution – v
Questions and Answers Already Passed
v v v v v
Naturalvrightsv✔✔Life,vLiberty,vandvProperty
JohnvLockev✔✔17thvcenturyvEnglishvphilosophervwhovopposedvthevDivinevRightvofvKingsvand
whovassertedvthatvpeoplevhavevavnaturalvrightvtovlife,vliberty,vandvproperty.
StatevofvNaturev✔✔Hypotheticalvconditionvassumedvtovexistvinvthevabsencevofvgovernmentvwhere
humanvbeingsvlivevinv"complete"vfreedomvandvgeneralvequality.
DuevProcessv✔✔involvesvthevgovernment'svobligationvtovtreatvallvcitizensvfairly.vSuchva
requirementvlessensvthevextentvtovwhichvgovernmentvpowervcanvbevexercisedvovervthevindividual,
makingvthevpowervdifferentialvbetweenvthevtwovmorevfair,vandvensuringvavgeneralvsensevof
politicalvequality
SocialvContractv✔✔Avvoluntaryvagreementvamongvindividualsvtovsecurevtheirvrightsvandvwelfare
byvcreatingvavgovernmentvandvabidingvbyvitsvrules.
,ThomasvHobbesv(1588-1679)v✔✔Onevofvthevfirstvindividualsvtovcontributevtovthevideavofvthe
socialvcontractvwasvavpre-EnlightenmentvEnglishvphilosopher
Leviathanv(1651):vThomasvHobbesv✔✔Hobbesvarguesvthatvsocietyvisvnotvsomethingvnaturalvand
immutable,vbutvrathervitvisvsomethingvcreatedvbyvus.
LaborvMovementv✔✔thevformationvofvlaborvunions,vduringvthev1880's,vforvthevworkersvtovreceive
bettervtreatmentvby
Constitutionv✔✔Avdocumentvwhichvspellsvoutvthevprinciplesvbyvwhichvavgovernmentvrunsvandvthe
fundamentalvlawsvthatvgovernvavsociety
BillvofvRightsv✔✔ThevfirstvtenvamendmentsvtovthevConstitution
DeclarationvofvIndependencev✔✔thevdocumentvrecordingvthevproclamationvofvthevsecond
ContinentalvCongressv(4vJulyv1776)vassertingvthevindependencevofvthevcoloniesvfromvGreat
Britain
ThomasvJeffersonv✔✔WrotevthevDeclarationvofvIndependence
,Shays'svRebellionv(1786-1787)v✔✔whichvalmostvresultedvinvpotentialvmobvrule,vsuggestedvthere
mightvbevtoovmuchvdemocracyvatvplay,vandvthatvmaybevindividualvlibertyvwasvgoingvtoovfar
ArticlesvofvConfederationv✔✔AvweakvconstitutionvthatvgovernedvAmericavduringvthe
RevolutionaryvWar.
Federalistvno.v51v✔✔Arguesvthatvseparationvofvpowersvwithinvthevnationalvgovernmentvisvthevbest
wayvtovpreventvthevconcentrationvofvpowervinvthevhandsvofvonevpersonvorvavsinglevgroup.
FirstvAmendmentv✔✔Congressvshallvmakevnovlawvrespectingvanvestablishmentvofvreligion,vor
prohibitingvthevfreevexercisevthereof;vorvabridgingvthevfreedomvofvspeech,vorvofvthevpress;vorvthe
rightvofvthevpeoplevpeaceablyvtovassemble,vandvtovpetitionvthevgovernmentvforvavredressvof
grievances.
SecondvAmendmentv✔✔Rightvtovkeepvandvbearvarms
ThirdvAmendmentv✔✔Thevgovernmentvmayvnotvhousevsoldiersvinvprivatevhomesvwithoutvconsent
ofvthevowner
, ForthvAmendmentv✔✔Itvprotectsvpeoplevagainstvunfairvsearchesvofvtheirvhomes;vsearchvand
seizure.
FifthvAmendmentv✔✔Avconstitutionalvamendmentvdesignedvtovprotectvthevrightsvofvpersons
accusedvofvcrimes,vincludingvprotectionvagainstvdoublevjeopardy,vself-incrimination,vand
punishmentvwithoutvduevprocessvofvlaw.
SixthvAmendmentv✔✔Rightvtovavspeedyvandvpublicvtrial
SeventhvAmendmentv✔✔Rightvtovavtrialvbyvjuryvinvcivilvcases
EighthvAmendmentv✔✔Novcruelvandvunusualvpunishment
NinethvAmendmentv✔✔peoplesvrightsvarevnotvjustvlimitedvtovthosevlistedvinvthevConstitutionvand
BillvofvRights
TenthvAmendmentv✔✔Amendmentvstatingvthatvthevpowersvnotvdelegatedvtovthevfederalvgov.vare
reservedvtovthevstates
