EngineeringffGeology
EXPERIMENTf#01
OBJECT:fINTRODUCTIONfTOfGEOLOGYfLABfANDffHSEf(HEALTH,fSAFETYfAND
fENVIRONMENT)
INTRODUTION
Laboratoryfsafetyfisfoffgreatfimportancefthat’sfwhyfOSHAf(occupationalfsafetyfandfhealthfadmin
istration)fcreatedfrulesftofensurefsafeflaboratoryfpracticalfforfeveryone.
Manyfrulesfarefcreatedfforfworstfsituation.fRememberfmanyftimefwefarefwithfdangerousfchemica
lsfandfprecautionfandfsafetyfisfrequiredfallftheftimes.
Allfthefstafffandfthefstudentsfwhofuseftheflaboratoryfshouldftakefcarefofftheirfownfhealthfandfsafet
yfandfothersfallftheftime.
Forfthefreasonfbothfthefstafffandfstudentsfhaveftheirfownfresponsibilitiesfwhichfarefasfunder
f RESPONSIBILITIESfOFfSTAFF:
1. Stafffshouldftakefactionftofeliminateforfreducefhazardsfwhichftheyfarefawarefof.
2. Stafffshouldfusefoffallfpersonalfprotectivefequipments.
3. Stafffshouldfseekfforfinformationfifftheyfarefdealingfwithfunfamiliarfwork.
4. Maintainfproperfdressfstandards.
5. Onlyfconsumeffoodforfstoringffoodfinfsomefparticularfareafofflaboratory.
6. Stafffmustfbeffamiliarfwithfemergencyfandfevacuationfproceduresfinfcasefoffemergency.
RESPONSIBILITIESfOFfSTUDENT:
1. Studentsfmustfknowfthefentrancefandfemergencyfexitfofflaboratory.
2. Studentsfmustfknowfthefusefofffirefextinguisherfinfcasefoffemergency.
3. Wearfshoesfthatfareffullyfcoveredf(bareffoot,fthongsforfopenftoedfsandelsfarefunacceptable
).
4. Wearfappropriatefclothingftofavoidfsafetyfhazards.
• Wearfsafetyfgogglesforfglasses.
• Wearflabfcoatfwithffullfsleeves.
• Wearfgloves.
• Wearflongfpants.
• Wearfclosedftoedfshoes.
5. Complyfwithfinstructorfinfcasefoffconfusions.
6. Foodfandfdrinkingfitemsfarefnotfallowed.
7. Smokingfisfprohibited.
8. Mustfremainfinfdesignatedfareas.
1f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
,EngineeringffGeology
9. Dofnotftouchfanyfinstrumentfunlessfyoufarefinstructed.
Infgeologyflabftherefarefsomefexperimentsfwhichfarefwithfthefusefoffacidsfsofprecautionfisf
alwaysfrequired.
SAFTEYfISfMOSTfIMPORTANT!
EXPERIMENTfNOf2
2f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
,EngineeringffGeology
OBJECT:ffTOfFINDfHARDNESSfOFfROCKSfBYfMOHsffSCALE
STANDARDS
➢ Toftakefthefspecimenfoffstandardfsizefandfoffregularfsurface,fshouldfnotfbeflessfthanf1finch
.
➢ Thefscratchingfshouldfnotfbefdonefonfcoated,fchipped,forfweatheredfsurfacefasfitfwillfgivef
inaccuratefvalues.
THEORY:
ThefmeasurefoffthefresistanceftofabrasionforfscratchingfisfknownfasfHardness.fMaterialsfhavefdiff
erentfhardnessfcomparedftofeachfother.fThefhardnessfisfafgoodftestftofdifferentiatefamongfmateria
ls.fItfisfthefideafaboutfhowfeasyforfdifficultfitfisftofscratchfafmaterialfwithfanotherfmaterial.
ThefMOHsfscalefwasfinventedfbyfFredricfMOHsfnamedfafterfthefscientist.fItfisftheflistfoffnumbers
frepresentingfhardness foffmaterialsfformf1(Softest)ftof10(Hardest)fandfthesefmineralsffare:
Therefarefmanyfotherfmineralsfwhichfcanfalsofbefusedfasfindicators.
• Infthisfpracticalfthesefmineralsfarefusedfasfindicatorsfonfwhichffewfprinciplesfshouldfbefke
ptfinfmindfthat:
ffffffffffff “Thatfthefonefwhichfscratchesfisfharderfthanfthefonefwhichfisfscratched.”
ffffffffffffffffffff “Objectsffoffequalfhardnessfcanfbefscratchedfwithfdifficulty.”
“Manyfmaterialsfcanfhavefthefsamefhardness.”
ffffffffffffffffff
PROCEDURE:
1. Obtainfanfunknownfmineralfsample.
2. Arrangefallfthefavailablefhardnessfindicatorsfinforderfoffdecreasingfhardness.
3f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
, EngineeringffGeology
3. Selectfaffreshfsurfacefoffthefunknownfsample.
4. Selectfthefhardestfindicatorfthatfhasfnotfbeenfusedftoftestfthisfsample.
5. Holdfthefsamplefandfattemptftofscratchfitfwithfafsharpfpointfoffthefindicator.fPressft
hefindicatorffirmlyfbutflightlyfagainstfthefunknownfsample.
6. InspectfforfanfScratchedflinefonfthefsample.
7. IffthefsamplefdoesfnotfshowfanyfScratchedfline,fthefsamplefisfharderfthanfthefindic
ator.fRecordfresultsfinfthefobservationftablefandfskipftofproceduref#8fIffanfScratch
edflinefisfshownfthefsamplefisfsofterfthanfthefindicator.
8. Generatefanfapproximatefhardnessfoffthefunknownfsample.
Thefpicturesfwhilefperformingfthefpracticalfarefalsofgivenfbelowfforfafclearfdemonstration.
OBSERVATION
S.No. Mineral Indicator Observation
1
2
3
4
5
4f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
EXPERIMENTf#01
OBJECT:fINTRODUCTIONfTOfGEOLOGYfLABfANDffHSEf(HEALTH,fSAFETYfAND
fENVIRONMENT)
INTRODUTION
Laboratoryfsafetyfisfoffgreatfimportancefthat’sfwhyfOSHAf(occupationalfsafetyfandfhealthfadmin
istration)fcreatedfrulesftofensurefsafeflaboratoryfpracticalfforfeveryone.
Manyfrulesfarefcreatedfforfworstfsituation.fRememberfmanyftimefwefarefwithfdangerousfchemica
lsfandfprecautionfandfsafetyfisfrequiredfallftheftimes.
Allfthefstafffandfthefstudentsfwhofuseftheflaboratoryfshouldftakefcarefofftheirfownfhealthfandfsafet
yfandfothersfallftheftime.
Forfthefreasonfbothfthefstafffandfstudentsfhaveftheirfownfresponsibilitiesfwhichfarefasfunder
f RESPONSIBILITIESfOFfSTAFF:
1. Stafffshouldftakefactionftofeliminateforfreducefhazardsfwhichftheyfarefawarefof.
2. Stafffshouldfusefoffallfpersonalfprotectivefequipments.
3. Stafffshouldfseekfforfinformationfifftheyfarefdealingfwithfunfamiliarfwork.
4. Maintainfproperfdressfstandards.
5. Onlyfconsumeffoodforfstoringffoodfinfsomefparticularfareafofflaboratory.
6. Stafffmustfbeffamiliarfwithfemergencyfandfevacuationfproceduresfinfcasefoffemergency.
RESPONSIBILITIESfOFfSTUDENT:
1. Studentsfmustfknowfthefentrancefandfemergencyfexitfofflaboratory.
2. Studentsfmustfknowfthefusefofffirefextinguisherfinfcasefoffemergency.
3. Wearfshoesfthatfareffullyfcoveredf(bareffoot,fthongsforfopenftoedfsandelsfarefunacceptable
).
4. Wearfappropriatefclothingftofavoidfsafetyfhazards.
• Wearfsafetyfgogglesforfglasses.
• Wearflabfcoatfwithffullfsleeves.
• Wearfgloves.
• Wearflongfpants.
• Wearfclosedftoedfshoes.
5. Complyfwithfinstructorfinfcasefoffconfusions.
6. Foodfandfdrinkingfitemsfarefnotfallowed.
7. Smokingfisfprohibited.
8. Mustfremainfinfdesignatedfareas.
1f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
,EngineeringffGeology
9. Dofnotftouchfanyfinstrumentfunlessfyoufarefinstructed.
Infgeologyflabftherefarefsomefexperimentsfwhichfarefwithfthefusefoffacidsfsofprecautionfisf
alwaysfrequired.
SAFTEYfISfMOSTfIMPORTANT!
EXPERIMENTfNOf2
2f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
,EngineeringffGeology
OBJECT:ffTOfFINDfHARDNESSfOFfROCKSfBYfMOHsffSCALE
STANDARDS
➢ Toftakefthefspecimenfoffstandardfsizefandfoffregularfsurface,fshouldfnotfbeflessfthanf1finch
.
➢ Thefscratchingfshouldfnotfbefdonefonfcoated,fchipped,forfweatheredfsurfacefasfitfwillfgivef
inaccuratefvalues.
THEORY:
ThefmeasurefoffthefresistanceftofabrasionforfscratchingfisfknownfasfHardness.fMaterialsfhavefdiff
erentfhardnessfcomparedftofeachfother.fThefhardnessfisfafgoodftestftofdifferentiatefamongfmateria
ls.fItfisfthefideafaboutfhowfeasyforfdifficultfitfisftofscratchfafmaterialfwithfanotherfmaterial.
ThefMOHsfscalefwasfinventedfbyfFredricfMOHsfnamedfafterfthefscientist.fItfisftheflistfoffnumbers
frepresentingfhardness foffmaterialsfformf1(Softest)ftof10(Hardest)fandfthesefmineralsffare:
Therefarefmanyfotherfmineralsfwhichfcanfalsofbefusedfasfindicators.
• Infthisfpracticalfthesefmineralsfarefusedfasfindicatorsfonfwhichffewfprinciplesfshouldfbefke
ptfinfmindfthat:
ffffffffffff “Thatfthefonefwhichfscratchesfisfharderfthanfthefonefwhichfisfscratched.”
ffffffffffffffffffff “Objectsffoffequalfhardnessfcanfbefscratchedfwithfdifficulty.”
“Manyfmaterialsfcanfhavefthefsamefhardness.”
ffffffffffffffffff
PROCEDURE:
1. Obtainfanfunknownfmineralfsample.
2. Arrangefallfthefavailablefhardnessfindicatorsfinforderfoffdecreasingfhardness.
3f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
, EngineeringffGeology
3. Selectfaffreshfsurfacefoffthefunknownfsample.
4. Selectfthefhardestfindicatorfthatfhasfnotfbeenfusedftoftestfthisfsample.
5. Holdfthefsamplefandfattemptftofscratchfitfwithfafsharpfpointfoffthefindicator.fPressft
hefindicatorffirmlyfbutflightlyfagainstfthefunknownfsample.
6. InspectfforfanfScratchedflinefonfthefsample.
7. IffthefsamplefdoesfnotfshowfanyfScratchedfline,fthefsamplefisfharderfthanfthefindic
ator.fRecordfresultsfinfthefobservationftablefandfskipftofproceduref#8fIffanfScratch
edflinefisfshownfthefsamplefisfsofterfthanfthefindicator.
8. Generatefanfapproximatefhardnessfoffthefunknownfsample.
Thefpicturesfwhilefperformingfthefpracticalfarefalsofgivenfbelowfforfafclearfdemonstration.
OBSERVATION
S.No. Mineral Indicator Observation
1
2
3
4
5
4f|fP a g e fDepartmentfoffCivilfEngineeringfMehranfUniversityfoffEngineeringf&fTechnologyfJamshoro
