Contents
w
Chapterw1 IntroductionwtowBiochemistry 1
Chapterw2 Water 10
Chapterw3 AminowAcidswandwthewPrimarywStructureswofwProteins 27
Chapterw4 Proteins:wThree-DimensionalwStructurewandwFunction 46
Chapterw5 PropertieswofwEnzymes 65
Chapterw6 MechanismswofwEnzymes 85
Chapterw7 CoenzymeswandwVitamins 104
Chapterw8 Carbohydrates 119
Chapterw9 LipidswandwMembranes 137
Chapterw10 IntroductionwtowMetabolism 153
Chapterw11 Glycolysis 169
Chapterw12 Gluconeogenesis,wThewPentosewPhosphatewPathway,
andwGlycogenwMetabolism 185
Chapterw13 ThewCitricwAcidwCycle 199
Chapterw14 ElectronwTransportwandwOxidativewPhosphorylation 213
Chapterw15 Photosynthesis 227
Chapterw16 LipidwMetabolism 241
Chapterw17 AminowAcidwMetabolism 256
Chapterw18 NucleotidewMetabolism 269
Chapterw19 NucleicwAcids 284
Chapterw20 DNAwReplication,wRepair,wandwRecombination 300
Chapterw21 TranscriptionwandwRNAwProcessing 315
Chapterw22 ProteinwSynthesis 330
Chapterw23 RecombinantwDNAwTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
w w w
1) Whichwelementswaccountwforw morewthanw97%wofwthewweightwofwmostworganisms?
A) C,wH,wN,wMg,wO,w S
B) C,w H,wN,wO,wP,wS
C) C,w H,wN
D) Fe,wC,w H,wO,w P
E) Ca2+,wK+,wNa+,wMg2+,wCl-
Answer:w B
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 2
2) Proteinswinwbiologicalwmembranesw maywbe
A) porous.
B) attachedwtowthewmembranew surface.
C) spanw thewmembrane.
D) Allwofwthewabove
E) BwandwCwonly
Answer:w D
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 3
3) Whichw statementwaboutwcellulosewiswfalse?
A) Itw iswthewmostwabundantw polysaccharidew inwnature.
B) Itswmonomersw arewjoinedw bywglycosidicw bonds.
C) Itwiswpresentwinwthewstemswofwfloweringwplants.
D) Thewhydroxylwgroupswofwneighboringwcellulosewmoleculeswinteractwtowformwstrong,winsolu
blewfibers.
E) Itw iswaw branchedwpolymerw ofwglucose.
Answer:w E
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 3
1
,4) WhenwKeqwofwawreactionw=w1,wthen
A) thewforwardwreactionwiswfasterwthanw thewreversew reaction.
B) thewreversew reactionwiswfasterw thanwthewforwardwreaction.
C) thewforwardwandwreversew reactionwratewconstantswarewequal.
D) morewproductswarew formedwthanw reactants.
E) fewerw productswarew formedwthanwreactants.
Answer:w C
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
5) Whichw statementwiswtruewaboutw aw reactionwwithwanwequilibriumwconstant,w Keq,wequalw tow1000?
A) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw1000wtimeswgreaterw thanwthewreversew ratewconstant.
B) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw3w timeswgreaterw thanwreversew ratewconstant.
C) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw1000wtimeswsmallerwthanw thewreversew ratewconstant.
D) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw3w timeswsmallerwthanwthewreversew ratewconstant.
E) Therewiswnotwenoughw informationw givenwtowcomparewthewforwardwandwreversew ratewconstant
s.
Answer:w A
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
6) Thew studyw ofwthewenergyw changesw duringw metabolicwreactionswiswcalledw .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicalwheatw dynamics
Answer:w D
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
7) Awspontaneouswchemicalw reactionwalwaysw hasw aw wchange.
A) positivewGibbʹswfreewenergy
B) negativewGibbʹswfreew energy
C) positivew enthalpy
D) negativew enthalpy
E) positivew entropy
Answer:w B
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
2
, 8) Prokaryoteswarew valuablewtoolsw forw biochemistswbecause
A) E.wcoliwiswwell-studiedw andwtypicalwofwprokaryotes.
B) theywcontainw aswmanyw geneswasweukaryoticwcells.
C) manyw ofwtheirwchromosomeswarew sequenced.
D) theywarewnotwverywdiverseworganisms.
E) Allwofwthewabove
Answer:w C
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 6
9) Whichwcellularwcomponentwcarrieswoutwoxidationwreactions,wsomewofwwhichwproducewhydro
genwperoxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:w A
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 8
10) WhywiswitwimportantwthatwthewenzymeswinwlysosomeswarewmorewactivewatwacidicwpHwthanwatwn
eutralwpH?
A) Sincewlysosomeswarewprimarilywfoundwinwthewstomachwacidwofwmammals,wtheir
wpH wdependence wallowswforwmaximumwefficiency wforwthewdigestionwofwfoodstu
ffs.
B) Itw preventswtheirwdiffusionwoutwofwthewlysosomes.
C) Itw maximizeswthewinteractionwwithwtheirw substrateswwhichw arewalwaysw bases.
D) Itw preventswthemw fromwaccidentallywdegradingw thewmacromoleculesw inwthewcytosol.
E) Itw allowsw forw regulationw ofwtheirwuptakewbywthewmitochondria.
Answer:w D
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 8
11) Moleculeswfromwlivingwcellswcannotwbewsynthesizedwoutsidewofwlivingwce
lls.wAnswer:w FALSE
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 1
12) Fermentationwinwthewabsencewofwcellswdemonstratedwthatwmetabolicwprocesseswwerewchemica
lwinwnature.
Answer:w TRUE
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 1
3
w
Chapterw1 IntroductionwtowBiochemistry 1
Chapterw2 Water 10
Chapterw3 AminowAcidswandwthewPrimarywStructureswofwProteins 27
Chapterw4 Proteins:wThree-DimensionalwStructurewandwFunction 46
Chapterw5 PropertieswofwEnzymes 65
Chapterw6 MechanismswofwEnzymes 85
Chapterw7 CoenzymeswandwVitamins 104
Chapterw8 Carbohydrates 119
Chapterw9 LipidswandwMembranes 137
Chapterw10 IntroductionwtowMetabolism 153
Chapterw11 Glycolysis 169
Chapterw12 Gluconeogenesis,wThewPentosewPhosphatewPathway,
andwGlycogenwMetabolism 185
Chapterw13 ThewCitricwAcidwCycle 199
Chapterw14 ElectronwTransportwandwOxidativewPhosphorylation 213
Chapterw15 Photosynthesis 227
Chapterw16 LipidwMetabolism 241
Chapterw17 AminowAcidwMetabolism 256
Chapterw18 NucleotidewMetabolism 269
Chapterw19 NucleicwAcids 284
Chapterw20 DNAwReplication,wRepair,wandwRecombination 300
Chapterw21 TranscriptionwandwRNAwProcessing 315
Chapterw22 ProteinwSynthesis 330
Chapterw23 RecombinantwDNAwTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
w w w
1) Whichwelementswaccountwforw morewthanw97%wofwthewweightwofwmostworganisms?
A) C,wH,wN,wMg,wO,w S
B) C,w H,wN,wO,wP,wS
C) C,w H,wN
D) Fe,wC,w H,wO,w P
E) Ca2+,wK+,wNa+,wMg2+,wCl-
Answer:w B
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 2
2) Proteinswinwbiologicalwmembranesw maywbe
A) porous.
B) attachedwtowthewmembranew surface.
C) spanw thewmembrane.
D) Allwofwthewabove
E) BwandwCwonly
Answer:w D
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 3
3) Whichw statementwaboutwcellulosewiswfalse?
A) Itw iswthewmostwabundantw polysaccharidew inwnature.
B) Itswmonomersw arewjoinedw bywglycosidicw bonds.
C) Itwiswpresentwinwthewstemswofwfloweringwplants.
D) Thewhydroxylwgroupswofwneighboringwcellulosewmoleculeswinteractwtowformwstrong,winsolu
blewfibers.
E) Itw iswaw branchedwpolymerw ofwglucose.
Answer:w E
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 3
1
,4) WhenwKeqwofwawreactionw=w1,wthen
A) thewforwardwreactionwiswfasterwthanw thewreversew reaction.
B) thewreversew reactionwiswfasterw thanwthewforwardwreaction.
C) thewforwardwandwreversew reactionwratewconstantswarewequal.
D) morewproductswarew formedwthanw reactants.
E) fewerw productswarew formedwthanwreactants.
Answer:w C
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
5) Whichw statementwiswtruewaboutw aw reactionwwithwanwequilibriumwconstant,w Keq,wequalw tow1000?
A) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw1000wtimeswgreaterw thanwthewreversew ratewconstant.
B) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw3w timeswgreaterw thanwreversew ratewconstant.
C) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw1000wtimeswsmallerwthanw thewreversew ratewconstant.
D) Thewforwardwratewconstantw isw3w timeswsmallerwthanwthewreversew ratewconstant.
E) Therewiswnotwenoughw informationw givenwtowcomparewthewforwardwandwreversew ratewconstant
s.
Answer:w A
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
6) Thew studyw ofwthewenergyw changesw duringw metabolicwreactionswiswcalledw .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicalwheatw dynamics
Answer:w D
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
7) Awspontaneouswchemicalw reactionwalwaysw hasw aw wchange.
A) positivewGibbʹswfreewenergy
B) negativewGibbʹswfreew energy
C) positivew enthalpy
D) negativew enthalpy
E) positivew entropy
Answer:w B
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 4
2
, 8) Prokaryoteswarew valuablewtoolsw forw biochemistswbecause
A) E.wcoliwiswwell-studiedw andwtypicalwofwprokaryotes.
B) theywcontainw aswmanyw geneswasweukaryoticwcells.
C) manyw ofwtheirwchromosomeswarew sequenced.
D) theywarewnotwverywdiverseworganisms.
E) Allwofwthewabove
Answer:w C
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 6
9) Whichwcellularwcomponentwcarrieswoutwoxidationwreactions,wsomewofwwhichwproducewhydro
genwperoxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:w A
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 8
10) WhywiswitwimportantwthatwthewenzymeswinwlysosomeswarewmorewactivewatwacidicwpHwthanwatwn
eutralwpH?
A) Sincewlysosomeswarewprimarilywfoundwinwthewstomachwacidwofwmammals,wtheir
wpH wdependence wallowswforwmaximumwefficiency wforwthewdigestionwofwfoodstu
ffs.
B) Itw preventswtheirwdiffusionwoutwofwthewlysosomes.
C) Itw maximizeswthewinteractionwwithwtheirw substrateswwhichw arewalwaysw bases.
D) Itw preventswthemw fromwaccidentallywdegradingw thewmacromoleculesw inwthewcytosol.
E) Itw allowsw forw regulationw ofwtheirwuptakewbywthewmitochondria.
Answer:w D
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 8
11) Moleculeswfromwlivingwcellswcannotwbewsynthesizedwoutsidewofwlivingwce
lls.wAnswer:w FALSE
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 1
12) Fermentationwinwthewabsencewofwcellswdemonstratedwthatwmetabolicwprocesseswwerewchemica
lwinwnature.
Answer:w TRUE
Pagew Ref:w Sectionw 1
3
