Pagef1f
1.fWhatfhappenedfwhenfChieffPowhatan'sfyoungerfbrothersfencounteredfJohnfSmithfinfthef
chief'sfterritoryfinf1607?f
2.fWhatfinspiredfEnglishfpeopleftofleavefEnglandfandfestablishfthefcolonyfoffNewf
England?f
3.fHowfdidfreligiousfupheavalsfinfEuropefshapefthefexpansionfoffempiresfinfNorthf
America?f
4.fHowfdidfthefFranciscanfmissionariesftreatfthefPueblofpeoplefoffNorthfAmerica?f
5.fDescribefthefrolefoffFrenchffurftradersfandfNativefAmericanfwomenfinfcreatingfaf
“middlefground”fbetweenftheftwofcommunities.f
6.fJohnfSmithfwasfthefleaderfoffthefEnglishfsettlementfatfJamestown,finfterritoryfbelongingf
tofthefPowhatanfConfederacy.fDescribefJohnfSmithfandfPowhatan'sfrelationship.f
7.fWhatffactorsfinfthefChesapeakefregionfinfthefseventeenthfcenturyfledftofafdecreasefinf
indenturedfservantsffromfEuropefandfanfincreasefinfslavesffromfAfrica?f
8.fWhyfdidfPuritansfleavefEnglandfandfsettlefinfNorthfAmerica?f
9.fWhyfwerefthefconflictsfbetweenfcommercefandfconversionflessfevidentfinfNewfFrancef
thanfinfSpanishfAmerica?f
10.fNewfAmsterdamfwasfthefcenterpiecefoffthefNewfNetherlandfcolonyfinfNorthfAmerica.f
Whatfmadefitfsuccessful,fandfwhyfwasfitfestablished?f
11.fExplainfthefvariousfissuesfthatfformedfthefcritiquesfoffCatholicismfinfthefsixteenthf
centuryfandfthefgreatfexpansionfoffProtestantismfthatffollowed.f
12.fWhatffactorsfshapedfthefrelationshipfbetweenfEnglishfsettlersfinftheflandftheyfnamedf
“Virginia”fandfthefNativefAmericanftribesfthatfoccupiedfthefareaflongfbeforef
colonization,fthefPowhatanfConfederacy?f
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13.fWhatfinspiredfBacon'sfRebellion,fandfwhyfwasfitfanfimportantfturningfpointfinf
late-seventeenth-centuryfVirginia?f
14.fThefPuritanfsettlementfthrivedfinfseventeenth-centuryfNewfEngland.fExplainfthef
Puritans'fworldviewfandfhowftheyfdealtfwithfthosefwhofdisagreedfwithfthem.f
15.fWhatfinspiredfKingfPhilip'sfWar?fWhofwasfinvolvedfwithfit?fWhatfwasfthefoutcome?f
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AnswerfKey
1.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
PowhatanfandfJohnfSmithfMeet:fWhilefSmithfclaimedfthatfChieffPowhatanfsparedfhimf
hisflifefbecausefthefchief'sfyoungfdaughter,fPocahontas,fwasfinflovefwithfhimfandfstoodf
upfforfhim,fhistoriansfhavefafdifferentfunderstandingfoffwhatfhappened.fThefchieff
immediatelyfexecutedftheftwofotherfEnglishmenfwhofaccompaniedfSmithfbutfsparedf
,himfandfeventuallyfreleasedfhim.fItfisflikelyfthatfbeforefsendingfhimfbackftofJamestown,f
PowhatanfperformedfanfadoptionfceremonyfinfanfeffortftofbringfSmithfandfthefEnglishf
underfhisfauthority.fAftypicalfceremonyfwouldfhavefinvolvedfhimfsendingfoutfonefoffhisf
daughtersftofindicatefthatfthefcaptivefwasfspared.fSmithfeitherfrefusedfthisfstatusforf
misunderstoodfthefceremonyfentirely.f
2.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
WhyfEnglishfEstablishedfNewfEngland:fTheffirstfcolonistsfleftfEnglandfandfcameftof
NorthfAmericafforfreligiousffreedom,fnotfcommercialfsuccessforfaimsfoffconquest.f
ThesefmenfandfwomenfsettledfNewfEnglandfinfthef1620sfandfdidfnotfinvitefJohnfSmithf
tofjoinfthem.fThesefsettlersfwerefknownfasfPuritans,fandftheyfbelievedfthefChurchfoff
EnglandfwasfpracticingfafcorruptfformfoffChristianity.f
3.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
RolefoffReligionfinfNorthfAmericanfColonization:fBothfProtestantfandfCatholicfleadersf
urgedftheirffollowersftofspreadftheffaithftofNorthfAmerica,fwhilefthosefwhoffoundf
themselvesftofbefreligiousfminoritiesfwentftofthefcoloniesfforfsafetyfandffreedom.f
PoliticalfstrugglesfbetweenfProtestantfandfCatholicfrulersfinfEuropefinspiredfothersftof
leavefthefarea,fasfthefpoliticizationfoffreligiousfdivisionsfresultedfinfpeasantfunrest,f
economicfcrises,fandfmilitaryfconflicts.f
4.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
AbusefoffPueblofPeople:fFranciscansfconvertedftwentyfthousandfPueblosftof
Catholicism,fdestroyedfPueblofsacredfshrines,fandffloggedfPueblofceremonialfleaders.f
TheyfforcedfthefIndiansftofadoptfEuropeanfways,fforbiddingfthefwomenffromffarmingf
theflandfandfmakingfthefIndiansfspeak,fcook,fandfdressflikefSpaniards.fTheyfforcedfthef
Pueblosftofworkfforfthem,fbuildingfchurchesfandfsupportingfthefmission,finfviolationfoff
theirfownfSpanishflaborflaws.fLater,fJuanfdefOnatefestablishedfaftradingfpostfandfwithf
hisf500fsoldiersfseizedfcornfandfclothingffromfPueblofvillages,fmurderingforfrapingf
thosefwhofresisted.f
5.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
FrenchfandfIndianf“Exchange”:fFurftradersfwerefcriticalftofsustainingfthefFrenchf
presencefandfwardingfofffencroachmentfbyfthefEnglish.fTheyfjourneyedfalongflakesfandf
riversfthroughoutfeasternfCanada,fsomeftakingfIndianfwivesfwhofprovidedfthemfwithf
bothfdomesticflaborfandfkinshipftiesftofpowerfulftradingfpartners.fThesefmarriagesf
helpedfforgefafmiddlefgroundfinfthefGreatfLakesfregionfasfFrenchftradersfpushedf
westwardfandfgainedfnewfIndianfalliesfamongfotherftribes.fSharedfeconomicfinterestf
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motivatedfafremarkablefdegreefoffculturalfexchangefandfmutualfadaptation.f
6.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
SmithfandfPowhatan:fSmithfwasfdependentfonfPowhatan'sftribefforfsurvivalfforfyears.f
PowhatanfwasffarfmorefpowerfulfthanfhisfEnglishfneighborsfandfkeptfthemfalive,f
hopingftheyfwouldfprovidefhimfwithfEuropeanfcloth,fironfhatchets,fandfevenfguns.fStill,f
, EnglishfsettlersfraidedfIndianfvillagesfforfcornfandfotherffoodfandfbuiltfaffort,falarmingf
Powhatanfandfcausingfhimftoflosefpatience.f
7.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
ShiftffromfServitudeftofSlavery:fSeveralffactorsfcontributedftofafshiftingfworkforcef
duringfthefseventeenthfcentury.fTobaccofreignedfsupremefasfthefmostflucrativefcashf
crop,fandfitsfexpansionfwasfinevitable.fThefdemandfforfworkersfoutpacedftheirf
availability.fFromf1650fonward,fimprovedfeconomicfconditionsfinfEnglandfmeantffewerf
EnglishfmenfandfwomenfwantedftoftravelftofNorthfAmerica.fUnableftofrecruitf
volunteers,ftheflegalfsystemfwasfchangedftofsupportfslavery.fColonialfleadersfinfthef
HousefoffBurgessesfinf1660fandfinfMarylandfinf1664fpassedfactsfthatfestablishedf
greaterfcontrolfoverfAfricanfinhabitantsfandfallowedfforftheirfenslavement.fThef
groundworkfwasftherebyflaidfforfestablishingftheffull-blownfracialfslaveryfthatfsoonf
followed.f
8.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
Puritans'fSafefHavenfinfNewfEngland:fAsfreligiousfdissenters,fthefPuritansffacedf
persecutionfinfEngland.fTheyfbelievedftheirfcountry'sfchurchfandfgovernmentfweref
corrupt.fTheyfinterpretedffailedfharvests,ffinancialfcollapse,fandfthefresultantfpoverty,f
famine,fandfhomelessnessfasfafsignfoffGod'sfpunishmentfforfEngland'sfsins.fTheyfsawf
NewfEnglandfasfafsafefhavenffromfGod'sfwrath,f“afrefuge”ffromfthef“generalf
destruction.”fTheyfaimedftofestablishfafprosperous,fmoral,fandfmodelf“cityfuponfafhill”f
thatfwouldfinspirefreformfamongfthosefstillfinfEngland.f
9.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
CulturalfExchanges:fFrenchfmissionariesfsoughtftofbuildfonfnativefbeliefsfratherfthanf
destroyfthemfandftoflearnfnativeflanguagesfandfcustomsfandfengagefIndiansfonftheirf
ownfterms.fFrenchftradersfreliedfonfIndianfalliesfforfhelpfestablishingftradingf
partnershipsfandfroutes.fSpanishfexplorersfhadfnofrespectfforfNativefAmericanfculture,f
rituals,forflanguage.fThefSpanishfsoughtftofdestroyfindigenousfIndianfbeliefsfandf
mockedfthemfatfallfopportunities.fTheyffeltflessfindebtedftoforfdependentfonfpositivef
relationshipsfwithfIndiansfandfwerefmoreflikelyftofmeetfthemfwithfviolenceftofgetfwhatf
theyfwanted.f
10.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
EarlyfCenterfoffCommerce:fNewfAmsterdamfattractedftraders,ffishermen,fandffarmers.f
Itfwasfknownfforfitsfrepresentativefgovernmentfandfreligiousftoleration.fReligiousf
differencesfdidfnotfgetfinfthefwayfoffmakingfmoney.fNewfAmsterdamfwasfbuiltftoffendf
offfFrenchfandfEnglishfraidsfonfshipsfbyfestablishingfafpowerfulfDutchfpresencefinfthef
middlefoffthefNorthfAmericanfcolonies.fThefsettlementfwasfestablishedfbyfthefDutchf
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WestfIndiesfCompany,fwhichfwasfcharteredfonlyfthreefyearsfearlier,fwhilefthefDutchf
EastfIndiafCompanyfcontrolledftradefroutesftofmuchfoffAsiafandfpartsfoffAfrica.fThesef
developmentsfdemonstratefthefstrengthfandfambitionsfoffthefDutchfempire.f
1.fWhatfhappenedfwhenfChieffPowhatan'sfyoungerfbrothersfencounteredfJohnfSmithfinfthef
chief'sfterritoryfinf1607?f
2.fWhatfinspiredfEnglishfpeopleftofleavefEnglandfandfestablishfthefcolonyfoffNewf
England?f
3.fHowfdidfreligiousfupheavalsfinfEuropefshapefthefexpansionfoffempiresfinfNorthf
America?f
4.fHowfdidfthefFranciscanfmissionariesftreatfthefPueblofpeoplefoffNorthfAmerica?f
5.fDescribefthefrolefoffFrenchffurftradersfandfNativefAmericanfwomenfinfcreatingfaf
“middlefground”fbetweenftheftwofcommunities.f
6.fJohnfSmithfwasfthefleaderfoffthefEnglishfsettlementfatfJamestown,finfterritoryfbelongingf
tofthefPowhatanfConfederacy.fDescribefJohnfSmithfandfPowhatan'sfrelationship.f
7.fWhatffactorsfinfthefChesapeakefregionfinfthefseventeenthfcenturyfledftofafdecreasefinf
indenturedfservantsffromfEuropefandfanfincreasefinfslavesffromfAfrica?f
8.fWhyfdidfPuritansfleavefEnglandfandfsettlefinfNorthfAmerica?f
9.fWhyfwerefthefconflictsfbetweenfcommercefandfconversionflessfevidentfinfNewfFrancef
thanfinfSpanishfAmerica?f
10.fNewfAmsterdamfwasfthefcenterpiecefoffthefNewfNetherlandfcolonyfinfNorthfAmerica.f
Whatfmadefitfsuccessful,fandfwhyfwasfitfestablished?f
11.fExplainfthefvariousfissuesfthatfformedfthefcritiquesfoffCatholicismfinfthefsixteenthf
centuryfandfthefgreatfexpansionfoffProtestantismfthatffollowed.f
12.fWhatffactorsfshapedfthefrelationshipfbetweenfEnglishfsettlersfinftheflandftheyfnamedf
“Virginia”fandfthefNativefAmericanftribesfthatfoccupiedfthefareaflongfbeforef
colonization,fthefPowhatanfConfederacy?f
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13.fWhatfinspiredfBacon'sfRebellion,fandfwhyfwasfitfanfimportantfturningfpointfinf
late-seventeenth-centuryfVirginia?f
14.fThefPuritanfsettlementfthrivedfinfseventeenth-centuryfNewfEngland.fExplainfthef
Puritans'fworldviewfandfhowftheyfdealtfwithfthosefwhofdisagreedfwithfthem.f
15.fWhatfinspiredfKingfPhilip'sfWar?fWhofwasfinvolvedfwithfit?fWhatfwasfthefoutcome?f
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AnswerfKey
1.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
PowhatanfandfJohnfSmithfMeet:fWhilefSmithfclaimedfthatfChieffPowhatanfsparedfhimf
hisflifefbecausefthefchief'sfyoungfdaughter,fPocahontas,fwasfinflovefwithfhimfandfstoodf
upfforfhim,fhistoriansfhavefafdifferentfunderstandingfoffwhatfhappened.fThefchieff
immediatelyfexecutedftheftwofotherfEnglishmenfwhofaccompaniedfSmithfbutfsparedf
,himfandfeventuallyfreleasedfhim.fItfisflikelyfthatfbeforefsendingfhimfbackftofJamestown,f
PowhatanfperformedfanfadoptionfceremonyfinfanfeffortftofbringfSmithfandfthefEnglishf
underfhisfauthority.fAftypicalfceremonyfwouldfhavefinvolvedfhimfsendingfoutfonefoffhisf
daughtersftofindicatefthatfthefcaptivefwasfspared.fSmithfeitherfrefusedfthisfstatusforf
misunderstoodfthefceremonyfentirely.f
2.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
WhyfEnglishfEstablishedfNewfEngland:fTheffirstfcolonistsfleftfEnglandfandfcameftof
NorthfAmericafforfreligiousffreedom,fnotfcommercialfsuccessforfaimsfoffconquest.f
ThesefmenfandfwomenfsettledfNewfEnglandfinfthef1620sfandfdidfnotfinvitefJohnfSmithf
tofjoinfthem.fThesefsettlersfwerefknownfasfPuritans,fandftheyfbelievedfthefChurchfoff
EnglandfwasfpracticingfafcorruptfformfoffChristianity.f
3.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
RolefoffReligionfinfNorthfAmericanfColonization:fBothfProtestantfandfCatholicfleadersf
urgedftheirffollowersftofspreadftheffaithftofNorthfAmerica,fwhilefthosefwhoffoundf
themselvesftofbefreligiousfminoritiesfwentftofthefcoloniesfforfsafetyfandffreedom.f
PoliticalfstrugglesfbetweenfProtestantfandfCatholicfrulersfinfEuropefinspiredfothersftof
leavefthefarea,fasfthefpoliticizationfoffreligiousfdivisionsfresultedfinfpeasantfunrest,f
economicfcrises,fandfmilitaryfconflicts.f
4.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
AbusefoffPueblofPeople:fFranciscansfconvertedftwentyfthousandfPueblosftof
Catholicism,fdestroyedfPueblofsacredfshrines,fandffloggedfPueblofceremonialfleaders.f
TheyfforcedfthefIndiansftofadoptfEuropeanfways,fforbiddingfthefwomenffromffarmingf
theflandfandfmakingfthefIndiansfspeak,fcook,fandfdressflikefSpaniards.fTheyfforcedfthef
Pueblosftofworkfforfthem,fbuildingfchurchesfandfsupportingfthefmission,finfviolationfoff
theirfownfSpanishflaborflaws.fLater,fJuanfdefOnatefestablishedfaftradingfpostfandfwithf
hisf500fsoldiersfseizedfcornfandfclothingffromfPueblofvillages,fmurderingforfrapingf
thosefwhofresisted.f
5.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
FrenchfandfIndianf“Exchange”:fFurftradersfwerefcriticalftofsustainingfthefFrenchf
presencefandfwardingfofffencroachmentfbyfthefEnglish.fTheyfjourneyedfalongflakesfandf
riversfthroughoutfeasternfCanada,fsomeftakingfIndianfwivesfwhofprovidedfthemfwithf
bothfdomesticflaborfandfkinshipftiesftofpowerfulftradingfpartners.fThesefmarriagesf
helpedfforgefafmiddlefgroundfinfthefGreatfLakesfregionfasfFrenchftradersfpushedf
westwardfandfgainedfnewfIndianfalliesfamongfotherftribes.fSharedfeconomicfinterestf
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motivatedfafremarkablefdegreefoffculturalfexchangefandfmutualfadaptation.f
6.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
SmithfandfPowhatan:fSmithfwasfdependentfonfPowhatan'sftribefforfsurvivalfforfyears.f
PowhatanfwasffarfmorefpowerfulfthanfhisfEnglishfneighborsfandfkeptfthemfalive,f
hopingftheyfwouldfprovidefhimfwithfEuropeanfcloth,fironfhatchets,fandfevenfguns.fStill,f
, EnglishfsettlersfraidedfIndianfvillagesfforfcornfandfotherffoodfandfbuiltfaffort,falarmingf
Powhatanfandfcausingfhimftoflosefpatience.f
7.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
ShiftffromfServitudeftofSlavery:fSeveralffactorsfcontributedftofafshiftingfworkforcef
duringfthefseventeenthfcentury.fTobaccofreignedfsupremefasfthefmostflucrativefcashf
crop,fandfitsfexpansionfwasfinevitable.fThefdemandfforfworkersfoutpacedftheirf
availability.fFromf1650fonward,fimprovedfeconomicfconditionsfinfEnglandfmeantffewerf
EnglishfmenfandfwomenfwantedftoftravelftofNorthfAmerica.fUnableftofrecruitf
volunteers,ftheflegalfsystemfwasfchangedftofsupportfslavery.fColonialfleadersfinfthef
HousefoffBurgessesfinf1660fandfinfMarylandfinf1664fpassedfactsfthatfestablishedf
greaterfcontrolfoverfAfricanfinhabitantsfandfallowedfforftheirfenslavement.fThef
groundworkfwasftherebyflaidfforfestablishingftheffull-blownfracialfslaveryfthatfsoonf
followed.f
8.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
Puritans'fSafefHavenfinfNewfEngland:fAsfreligiousfdissenters,fthefPuritansffacedf
persecutionfinfEngland.fTheyfbelievedftheirfcountry'sfchurchfandfgovernmentfweref
corrupt.fTheyfinterpretedffailedfharvests,ffinancialfcollapse,fandfthefresultantfpoverty,f
famine,fandfhomelessnessfasfafsignfoffGod'sfpunishmentfforfEngland'sfsins.fTheyfsawf
NewfEnglandfasfafsafefhavenffromfGod'sfwrath,f“afrefuge”ffromfthef“generalf
destruction.”fTheyfaimedftofestablishfafprosperous,fmoral,fandfmodelf“cityfuponfafhill”f
thatfwouldfinspirefreformfamongfthosefstillfinfEngland.f
9.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
CulturalfExchanges:fFrenchfmissionariesfsoughtftofbuildfonfnativefbeliefsfratherfthanf
destroyfthemfandftoflearnfnativeflanguagesfandfcustomsfandfengagefIndiansfonftheirf
ownfterms.fFrenchftradersfreliedfonfIndianfalliesfforfhelpfestablishingftradingf
partnershipsfandfroutes.fSpanishfexplorersfhadfnofrespectfforfNativefAmericanfculture,f
rituals,forflanguage.fThefSpanishfsoughtftofdestroyfindigenousfIndianfbeliefsfandf
mockedfthemfatfallfopportunities.fTheyffeltflessfindebtedftoforfdependentfonfpositivef
relationshipsfwithfIndiansfandfwerefmoreflikelyftofmeetfthemfwithfviolenceftofgetfwhatf
theyfwanted.f
10.fAnswerfwouldfideallyfinclude:f
EarlyfCenterfoffCommerce:fNewfAmsterdamfattractedftraders,ffishermen,fandffarmers.f
Itfwasfknownfforfitsfrepresentativefgovernmentfandfreligiousftoleration.fReligiousf
differencesfdidfnotfgetfinfthefwayfoffmakingfmoney.fNewfAmsterdamfwasfbuiltftoffendf
offfFrenchfandfEnglishfraidsfonfshipsfbyfestablishingfafpowerfulfDutchfpresencefinfthef
middlefoffthefNorthfAmericanfcolonies.fThefsettlementfwasfestablishedfbyfthefDutchf
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WestfIndiesfCompany,fwhichfwasfcharteredfonlyfthreefyearsfearlier,fwhilefthefDutchf
EastfIndiafCompanyfcontrolledftradefroutesftofmuchfoffAsiafandfpartsfoffAfrica.fThesef
developmentsfdemonstratefthefstrengthfandfambitionsfoffthefDutchfempire.f
