General Chemistry I Test Bank
h h h h
ChristopherhKinghDepart
menthofhChemistryhTroyh
University
Troy,hALh36082
Thishdocumenthcontainsh256htesthquestionshandhanswershthathIhhavehusedhduringhthehpasthdecade.hS
omehofhthehequationshwerehcreatedhusinghMathTypehequationheditorh5.1.h Thishishanhupgradehtohtheh
equationheditorhthathcomeshwithhWord.h Ihgothithsohthaththehequationshcouldhbehdisplayedhinhahbluehf
onth(Ihshowhanswershinhbluehonhmyhwebhpages).h Tohmodifyhthehequations,hyouhwillhneedhtohgeththeh
MathTypehfreehupgradeh(http://www.dessci.com/en/).h Ifhyouhdon’thpurchasehthehupgrade,hyouhcanh
onlyhchangehcolorshforhthehfirsth30hdays.
Categories
ScientifichMethod .............................................................................................................................2
StateshofhMatter.................................................................................................................................3
ComponentshofhAtoms ......................................................................................................................4
SymbolshofhIsotopes .........................................................................................................................5
UsinghthehPeriodichTable ..................................................................................................................6
Mixtures ...........................................................................................................................................7
SolutionhTerminology.......................................................................................................................9
Physicalh&hChemicalhProperties .......................................................................................................9
DiatomichElements .........................................................................................................................10
AnionhandhCationhTerms .................................................................................................................11
NaminghCompounds .......................................................................................................................11
FormulashofhCompounds ................................................................................................................14
UnderstandinghChemicalhFormulas ................................................................................................16
UnitshofhVolume .............................................................................................................................16
MetrichPrefixes ...............................................................................................................................16
SignificanthFigures .........................................................................................................................17
DimensionalhAnalysis.....................................................................................................................17
Temperature ...................................................................................................................................19
Density ...........................................................................................................................................19
Avogadro’shNumber .......................................................................................................................21
MolarhMasshfromh%hAbundance .....................................................................................................22
MolarhMass;hgramsh→hmoles ......................................................................................................22
UnderstandinghMolarhMass ............................................................................................................23
PercenthCompositionhfromhFormula ...............................................................................................24
FormulashfromhPercenthCompositionhData .....................................................................................24
CombinationhandhDecompositionhReactions...................................................................................27
BalancedhReactionhofhSodiumhorhPotassiumhwithhWater ................................................................28
OxidationhNumbers ........................................................................................................................28
BalancehSimplehRedoxhEquations ...................................................................................................29
CombustionhReactions ....................................................................................................................30
ApplyhSolubilityhRules ...................................................................................................................30
,ExampleshofhStronghAcidsh&hBases ................................................................................................33
CompletehthehReaction;hNethIonichEquations ..................................................................................33
Molarity ..........................................................................................................................................36
Dilution ..........................................................................................................................................37
Titration ..........................................................................................................................................38
LimitinghReactant,hTheoreticalhYield,h%hYield...............................................................................41
Energyh→hWavelengthh→hFrequency .....................................................................................45
QuantumhNumbers .........................................................................................................................46
Orbitals ...........................................................................................................................................47
ElectronhConfigurationshofhElements..............................................................................................47
ElectronhConfigurationshofhIons......................................................................................................48
Hund’shRule....................................................................................................................................49
PeriodichTrends ..............................................................................................................................50
ValencehElectrons ...........................................................................................................................51
IonichorhCovalenthfromhElectronegativity........................................................................................51
FormalhCharges ..............................................................................................................................52
ResonancehStructures......................................................................................................................53
DeviationshfromhIdeahGeometryh(andhsomehmixedhquestions) ........................................................54
LewishAcids,hBases,handhAdducts ...................................................................................................55
LewishStructures,hShapes,handhPolarities ........................................................................................56
Hybridization;hsigmahandhpihbonds .................................................................................................59
MolecularhOrbitals ..........................................................................................................................60
EnergyhfromhEnthalpyhandhamounts ...............................................................................................62
Calorimetry.....................................................................................................................................62
Hess’shLaw .....................................................................................................................................63
EnthalpyhofhFormation ....................................................................................................................64
Youhmusthshowh yourhworkhtohgethcredith(orhpartialhcredit).h Watchhsignificanthfigureshandhshowh uni
ts.
Somehconstants:h ch=h3.00h×h108hm/s hh=h6.63h×h10-34hJhs RHh=h3.29h×h1015hHz
NAh=h6.022h×h1023
Scientific Method h
1. (2hpts)h Completehthehfollowinghsentence.h Ahscientifichtheoryhish(selecthone)
a) ahtentativehexplanationhforhahsethofhobservationshthathcanhbehtestedhbyhfurtherhe
xperimentation.
b) anhexplanationhofhthehgeneralhcausehofhahphenomena,hinhwhichhthehexplanationhishs
upportedhbyhconsiderablehevidence.
c) ahstatementhdescribinghahrelationshiphbetweenhphenomenahthathishalwayshthehsameh underht
hehsamehconditions.
d) ahunifyinghprinciplehthathexplainshahbodyhofhfactshandhrelations.
e) ahmodelhusedhtohvisualizehthehinvisible.
f) allhofhthehabove.
,2. (2hpts)h Completehthehfollowinghsentence.h Ahscientifichhypothesishish(selecthone)
a) ahtentativehexplanationhforhahsethofhobservationshthathcanhbehtestedhbyhfurtherhe
xperimentation.
b) ahstatementhdescribinghahrelationshiphbetweenhphenomenahthathishalwayshthehsameh underht
hehsamehconditions.
c) ahunifyinghprinciplehthathexplainshahbodyhofhfactshandhrelations.
d) ahmodelhusedhtohvisualizehthehinvisible.
e) allhofhthehabove.
3. (2hpts)h Completehthehfollowinghsentence.h Ahscientifichlawhish(selecthone)
a. ahtentativehexplanationhforhahsethofhobservationshthathcanhbehtestedhbyhfurtherhe
xperimentation.
b. ahstatementhdescribinghahrelationshiphbetweenhphenomenahthathishalwayshthehsameh underht
hehsamehconditions.
c. ahunifyinghprinciplehthathexplainshahbodyhofhfactshandhrelations.
d. ahmodelhusedhtohvisualizehthehinvisible.
4. (3hpts)h Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghishnothahcharacteristichofhscience?
a) Reproducible
b) Testable
c) Canhbehchallenged
d) Disagreementsharehsettledhbyhahrecognizedhauthority.
5. (5hpts)h Givehanhexamplehofhah―pseudoscience‖:h
Givehonehwayhinhwhichh yourhexamplehdoeshnothqualifyhash―science‖.
Somethinghlikehastrologyh(nothastronomy)horhmindhreadinghwouldhbehanhexample.h Thesehdon’th
followhthehscientifichmethod,hsohanyhaspecthofhthehscientifichmethodhcouldhbehgivenhash anhexam
plehofhhowhtheyhdon’thqualifyhashscience.
States of Matter
h h
6. (3hpts)h Thehmoleculeshinhahsolidhare
a) attractedhtoheachhotherhsohstronglyhthaththehmoleculeshcan’thslidehpastheachhother.
b) somewhathattractedhtoheachhother,hallowinghthehmoleculeshtohslidehpastheachhother.
c) hardlyhattractedhtoheachhotherhathall,hallowinghthehmoleculeshtohfreelyhmoveharound.
7. (3hpts)h Whathishthehnamehofhthehstatehofhmatterhinhwhichhthehmatterhtakeshthehsamehshapehandhv
olumehashwhateverhcontainerhthehmatterhishin?
d) gas
8. (2hpts)h Whichhofhthehfollowinghfigureshrepresentshahgas?
e) a.h 1
, f) b.h2
g) c.h 3
h) d.hTheyhallhdo
i) e.h Nonehofhthemhdo
Components of Atoms
h h
9. (2hpts)h Atomshofhthehsamehelement,hregardlesshofhcharge,hallhhavehthehsamehnumberhofhp
rotons .
10. (2hpts)h Comparinghthehmasshofhanhelectronhtohthehmasshofhahproton,honehcouldhsayhthaththehel
ectronhis muchhless massivehthanhthehproton.
11. (2hpts)h Comparinghthehmasshofhahneutronhtohthehmasshofhahproton,honehcouldhsayhthaththehn
eutron
a) ishmuchhlesshmassivehthanhthehproton.
b) ishlesshmassivehthanhthehproton.
c) hashnearlyhthehsamehmasshashthehproton.
d) ishmorehmassivehthanhthehproton.
e) ishmuchhmorehmassivehthanhthehproton.
12. (2hpts)h Howhlargehishthehnucleushcomparedhtohthehsizehofhanhatom?h Veryhsmall.
13. (4hpts)h Whathtwohkindshofhatomichparticlesharehfoundhinhthehnucleushofhanhatom?hp
rotons and neutrons
14. (2hpts)h Atomshofhthehsamehelemenththathhavehdifferenthmassesharehcalledh isotopes .
15. (2hpts)h Whathishthehchargehofhthehparticlehinhcathodehrays?h -1
16. (5hpts)h Drawhahsketchhofhanhatom.h Labelhthehnucleus,hprotons,hneutrons.
nucleus,hcontaininghprotonshandhneutrons
17. (6hpts)h Drawhahsketchhofhanhatom.h Labelhthehnucleus,hprotons,hneutronshandhelectrons.
h h h h
ChristopherhKinghDepart
menthofhChemistryhTroyh
University
Troy,hALh36082
Thishdocumenthcontainsh256htesthquestionshandhanswershthathIhhavehusedhduringhthehpasthdecade.hS
omehofhthehequationshwerehcreatedhusinghMathTypehequationheditorh5.1.h Thishishanhupgradehtohtheh
equationheditorhthathcomeshwithhWord.h Ihgothithsohthaththehequationshcouldhbehdisplayedhinhahbluehf
onth(Ihshowhanswershinhbluehonhmyhwebhpages).h Tohmodifyhthehequations,hyouhwillhneedhtohgeththeh
MathTypehfreehupgradeh(http://www.dessci.com/en/).h Ifhyouhdon’thpurchasehthehupgrade,hyouhcanh
onlyhchangehcolorshforhthehfirsth30hdays.
Categories
ScientifichMethod .............................................................................................................................2
StateshofhMatter.................................................................................................................................3
ComponentshofhAtoms ......................................................................................................................4
SymbolshofhIsotopes .........................................................................................................................5
UsinghthehPeriodichTable ..................................................................................................................6
Mixtures ...........................................................................................................................................7
SolutionhTerminology.......................................................................................................................9
Physicalh&hChemicalhProperties .......................................................................................................9
DiatomichElements .........................................................................................................................10
AnionhandhCationhTerms .................................................................................................................11
NaminghCompounds .......................................................................................................................11
FormulashofhCompounds ................................................................................................................14
UnderstandinghChemicalhFormulas ................................................................................................16
UnitshofhVolume .............................................................................................................................16
MetrichPrefixes ...............................................................................................................................16
SignificanthFigures .........................................................................................................................17
DimensionalhAnalysis.....................................................................................................................17
Temperature ...................................................................................................................................19
Density ...........................................................................................................................................19
Avogadro’shNumber .......................................................................................................................21
MolarhMasshfromh%hAbundance .....................................................................................................22
MolarhMass;hgramsh→hmoles ......................................................................................................22
UnderstandinghMolarhMass ............................................................................................................23
PercenthCompositionhfromhFormula ...............................................................................................24
FormulashfromhPercenthCompositionhData .....................................................................................24
CombinationhandhDecompositionhReactions...................................................................................27
BalancedhReactionhofhSodiumhorhPotassiumhwithhWater ................................................................28
OxidationhNumbers ........................................................................................................................28
BalancehSimplehRedoxhEquations ...................................................................................................29
CombustionhReactions ....................................................................................................................30
ApplyhSolubilityhRules ...................................................................................................................30
,ExampleshofhStronghAcidsh&hBases ................................................................................................33
CompletehthehReaction;hNethIonichEquations ..................................................................................33
Molarity ..........................................................................................................................................36
Dilution ..........................................................................................................................................37
Titration ..........................................................................................................................................38
LimitinghReactant,hTheoreticalhYield,h%hYield...............................................................................41
Energyh→hWavelengthh→hFrequency .....................................................................................45
QuantumhNumbers .........................................................................................................................46
Orbitals ...........................................................................................................................................47
ElectronhConfigurationshofhElements..............................................................................................47
ElectronhConfigurationshofhIons......................................................................................................48
Hund’shRule....................................................................................................................................49
PeriodichTrends ..............................................................................................................................50
ValencehElectrons ...........................................................................................................................51
IonichorhCovalenthfromhElectronegativity........................................................................................51
FormalhCharges ..............................................................................................................................52
ResonancehStructures......................................................................................................................53
DeviationshfromhIdeahGeometryh(andhsomehmixedhquestions) ........................................................54
LewishAcids,hBases,handhAdducts ...................................................................................................55
LewishStructures,hShapes,handhPolarities ........................................................................................56
Hybridization;hsigmahandhpihbonds .................................................................................................59
MolecularhOrbitals ..........................................................................................................................60
EnergyhfromhEnthalpyhandhamounts ...............................................................................................62
Calorimetry.....................................................................................................................................62
Hess’shLaw .....................................................................................................................................63
EnthalpyhofhFormation ....................................................................................................................64
Youhmusthshowh yourhworkhtohgethcredith(orhpartialhcredit).h Watchhsignificanthfigureshandhshowh uni
ts.
Somehconstants:h ch=h3.00h×h108hm/s hh=h6.63h×h10-34hJhs RHh=h3.29h×h1015hHz
NAh=h6.022h×h1023
Scientific Method h
1. (2hpts)h Completehthehfollowinghsentence.h Ahscientifichtheoryhish(selecthone)
a) ahtentativehexplanationhforhahsethofhobservationshthathcanhbehtestedhbyhfurtherhe
xperimentation.
b) anhexplanationhofhthehgeneralhcausehofhahphenomena,hinhwhichhthehexplanationhishs
upportedhbyhconsiderablehevidence.
c) ahstatementhdescribinghahrelationshiphbetweenhphenomenahthathishalwayshthehsameh underht
hehsamehconditions.
d) ahunifyinghprinciplehthathexplainshahbodyhofhfactshandhrelations.
e) ahmodelhusedhtohvisualizehthehinvisible.
f) allhofhthehabove.
,2. (2hpts)h Completehthehfollowinghsentence.h Ahscientifichhypothesishish(selecthone)
a) ahtentativehexplanationhforhahsethofhobservationshthathcanhbehtestedhbyhfurtherhe
xperimentation.
b) ahstatementhdescribinghahrelationshiphbetweenhphenomenahthathishalwayshthehsameh underht
hehsamehconditions.
c) ahunifyinghprinciplehthathexplainshahbodyhofhfactshandhrelations.
d) ahmodelhusedhtohvisualizehthehinvisible.
e) allhofhthehabove.
3. (2hpts)h Completehthehfollowinghsentence.h Ahscientifichlawhish(selecthone)
a. ahtentativehexplanationhforhahsethofhobservationshthathcanhbehtestedhbyhfurtherhe
xperimentation.
b. ahstatementhdescribinghahrelationshiphbetweenhphenomenahthathishalwayshthehsameh underht
hehsamehconditions.
c. ahunifyinghprinciplehthathexplainshahbodyhofhfactshandhrelations.
d. ahmodelhusedhtohvisualizehthehinvisible.
4. (3hpts)h Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghishnothahcharacteristichofhscience?
a) Reproducible
b) Testable
c) Canhbehchallenged
d) Disagreementsharehsettledhbyhahrecognizedhauthority.
5. (5hpts)h Givehanhexamplehofhah―pseudoscience‖:h
Givehonehwayhinhwhichh yourhexamplehdoeshnothqualifyhash―science‖.
Somethinghlikehastrologyh(nothastronomy)horhmindhreadinghwouldhbehanhexample.h Thesehdon’th
followhthehscientifichmethod,hsohanyhaspecthofhthehscientifichmethodhcouldhbehgivenhash anhexam
plehofhhowhtheyhdon’thqualifyhashscience.
States of Matter
h h
6. (3hpts)h Thehmoleculeshinhahsolidhare
a) attractedhtoheachhotherhsohstronglyhthaththehmoleculeshcan’thslidehpastheachhother.
b) somewhathattractedhtoheachhother,hallowinghthehmoleculeshtohslidehpastheachhother.
c) hardlyhattractedhtoheachhotherhathall,hallowinghthehmoleculeshtohfreelyhmoveharound.
7. (3hpts)h Whathishthehnamehofhthehstatehofhmatterhinhwhichhthehmatterhtakeshthehsamehshapehandhv
olumehashwhateverhcontainerhthehmatterhishin?
d) gas
8. (2hpts)h Whichhofhthehfollowinghfigureshrepresentshahgas?
e) a.h 1
, f) b.h2
g) c.h 3
h) d.hTheyhallhdo
i) e.h Nonehofhthemhdo
Components of Atoms
h h
9. (2hpts)h Atomshofhthehsamehelement,hregardlesshofhcharge,hallhhavehthehsamehnumberhofhp
rotons .
10. (2hpts)h Comparinghthehmasshofhanhelectronhtohthehmasshofhahproton,honehcouldhsayhthaththehel
ectronhis muchhless massivehthanhthehproton.
11. (2hpts)h Comparinghthehmasshofhahneutronhtohthehmasshofhahproton,honehcouldhsayhthaththehn
eutron
a) ishmuchhlesshmassivehthanhthehproton.
b) ishlesshmassivehthanhthehproton.
c) hashnearlyhthehsamehmasshashthehproton.
d) ishmorehmassivehthanhthehproton.
e) ishmuchhmorehmassivehthanhthehproton.
12. (2hpts)h Howhlargehishthehnucleushcomparedhtohthehsizehofhanhatom?h Veryhsmall.
13. (4hpts)h Whathtwohkindshofhatomichparticlesharehfoundhinhthehnucleushofhanhatom?hp
rotons and neutrons
14. (2hpts)h Atomshofhthehsamehelemenththathhavehdifferenthmassesharehcalledh isotopes .
15. (2hpts)h Whathishthehchargehofhthehparticlehinhcathodehrays?h -1
16. (5hpts)h Drawhahsketchhofhanhatom.h Labelhthehnucleus,hprotons,hneutrons.
nucleus,hcontaininghprotonshandhneutrons
17. (6hpts)h Drawhahsketchhofhanhatom.h Labelhthehnucleus,hprotons,hneutronshandhelectrons.
