BIOD 151 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity. - Answers-The abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
.1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. - Answers-The pelvic cavity contains
the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum
.a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) - Answers-False-
(ATP is produced, not ADP)
.b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) -
Answers-True
.c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T
or F) - Answers-False- (process is endocytosis)
.d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding
to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - Answers-
True
.e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T
or F) - Answers-False- (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
.a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) - Answers-True
.b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F) - Answers-True
.c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) -
Answers-False- (Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell
membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane.)
.d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T
or F) - Answers-False - Exocytosis
.e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell
membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - Answers-False-
(This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer)
.3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is
impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? - Answers-
Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a digestive enzyme in
, lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of toxic lipids in the brain that cannot be broken
down. This can lead to disability and death.
.4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one
would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or
smaller cell? Explain why. - Answers-The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration
at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is higher than that of the
larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows
metabolic processes in general to occur faster.
.4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. - Answers-
Type I forms the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction
of the capillaries; also, Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is
needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II cells can divide to replace
damaged Type I cells.
.5. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? - Answers-The
upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal
passages during swallowing.
.5. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why? - Answers-The
trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea.
This is to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.
.6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Trachea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Alveoli - Answers-Oropharynx
.7. Label the following five items from the diagram: (picture 1) - Answers-Label A- Nasal
Cavity
Label B- Oral Cavity
Label C- Soft Pallet
Label D- Epiglottis
Label E- Glottis
Label F- Trachea
Label G- Esophagus
Label H- Tongue
.8. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Primary bronchi,
secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi,
secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary
bronchi, bronchioles D. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi,
bronchioles - Answers-A
SOLUTIONS
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity. - Answers-The abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
.1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. - Answers-The pelvic cavity contains
the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum
.a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) - Answers-False-
(ATP is produced, not ADP)
.b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) -
Answers-True
.c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T
or F) - Answers-False- (process is endocytosis)
.d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding
to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - Answers-
True
.e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T
or F) - Answers-False- (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
.a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) - Answers-True
.b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F) - Answers-True
.c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) -
Answers-False- (Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell
membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane.)
.d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T
or F) - Answers-False - Exocytosis
.e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell
membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - Answers-False-
(This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer)
.3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is
impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? - Answers-
Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a digestive enzyme in
, lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of toxic lipids in the brain that cannot be broken
down. This can lead to disability and death.
.4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one
would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or
smaller cell? Explain why. - Answers-The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration
at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is higher than that of the
larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows
metabolic processes in general to occur faster.
.4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. - Answers-
Type I forms the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction
of the capillaries; also, Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is
needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II cells can divide to replace
damaged Type I cells.
.5. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? - Answers-The
upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal
passages during swallowing.
.5. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why? - Answers-The
trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea.
This is to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.
.6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Trachea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Alveoli - Answers-Oropharynx
.7. Label the following five items from the diagram: (picture 1) - Answers-Label A- Nasal
Cavity
Label B- Oral Cavity
Label C- Soft Pallet
Label D- Epiglottis
Label E- Glottis
Label F- Trachea
Label G- Esophagus
Label H- Tongue
.8. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Primary bronchi,
secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi,
secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary
bronchi, bronchioles D. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi,
bronchioles - Answers-A
