NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A +

NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A + Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: - Answers-Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. .Anaphylaxis is what type of reaction? - Answers-type 1 hypersensitivity .Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? - Answers-neutrophils .Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction. - Answers-type 4 hypersensitivity reaction .Type 2 (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - Answers-IgG or IgM .Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by - Answers-IgE .Allergic asthma is an example of - Answers-type 1 hypersensitivity reaction .type 2 hypersensitivity - Answers-tissue specific .Primary effector cells of type 2 - Answers-macrophages .Examples of type 2 reactions - Answers-drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch, allergies against infectious agents .Type 2 causes - Answers-The cell to be destroyed by the antibody Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell Malfunction of the cell without destruction .Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction - Answers-antigen-antibody response .Where does the antibody bind to the antigen in type 3 response? - Answers-in blood or body fluids and then circulates to tissue .Where does the antibody bind to the antigen in type 1, 2, and 4? - Answers-on cell surface .Primary effector cell in type 3 - Answers-neutrophils .example of type 3 reaction - Answers-serum sickness .type 4 hypersensitivity reaction - Answers-cell-mediated response .primary mediators of type 4 - Answers-lymphocytes and macrophages .type 4 mediated by - Answers-T lymphocytes and do not use antibodies .example of type 4 - Answers-localized contact dermatitis (poison ivy) .Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because: - Answers-Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis. .Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - Answers-mast cell degranulation .The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden swollen lips and eyes, shortness of breath and throat tightness after a bee sting is: - Answers-anaphylaxis .Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with urticaria? - Answers-Eosinophilia. .An example of a primary immunodeficiency is: - Answers-Chronic Granulomatous Disease. .what is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide. - Answers-Malnutrition .Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? - Answers-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). .Which is true about a primary immunodeficiency? - Answers-It is the result of a single gene defect. (genetics) .Examples of secondary immunodeficiency - Answers-HIV, cancer .Secondary immunodeficiency caused by - Answers-external to immune system .examples of primary immunodeficiency - Answers-Chronic granulomatous Disease of Childhood DiGeorge Syndrome Familial Mediterranean fever Job Syndrome Common Variable Immunodeficiency .examples of secondary immunodeficiency - Answers-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Sinus infection Lung cancer .Select the best statement below that describes a primary immunodeficiency: - Answers-Are less common and occur due to a defect on the development of the immune system. .Cancer is a secondary immunodeficiency. - Answers-true .Sinusitis is considered a primary immunodeficiency. - Answers-false .A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted to the acute care facility with difficulty breathing. He is diagnosed with Pneumocytis carinii. Pneumocystis carinii an example of: - Answers-secondary immune disease .Which of the following findings can be used to diagnose Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)? - Answers-Facial rash confined to the cheeks. .A renal disease most often associated with autoimmunity is - Answers-Glomerulonephritis. .The major immune system change associated with Sjogren's Syndrome is: - Answers-Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells against apoptotic cells. .Which of the following can depress a person's normal immune function? - Answers-Psychological Stress .Which of the following assessment findings would support a diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)? - Answers-Swollen metacarpophalangeal joints. .Which of the following statements best describes the symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). - Answers-Tissue inflammation, vasculitis, rash, tissue inflammation. .The presence of a low number of autoantibodies is an indicator that the individual will develop an autoimmune disease. - Answers-false *does not indicate .The following immune components can be involved in autoimmune diseases: T-Cells, B-cells and autoantibodies. - Answers-true .Which of the following microcytic anemias is characterized by hyperchromic RBCs? - Answers-Hereditary spherocytosis.