NR507 Midterm Exam Questions With
Verified Answers(AGrade)
How does blood flow through the heart? - Answers-Deoxygenated venous blood →
Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it
contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to
be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps
with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
.What is systole? - Answers-Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
.Diastole - Answers-Relaxation of the heart
.What produces S1 and S2 sound? - Answers-closing of the heart valves
.What produces S1? - Answers-The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
.What produces S2 sound? - Answers-The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in
diastole
.What is cardiac output? - Answers-the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle
per minute
.What is stroke volume? - Answers-amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with
contraction
.What determines cardiac output? - Answers-stroke volume and heart rate
.What is preload? - Answers-the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts,
related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the
ventricle during diastole
.What is afterload? - Answers-resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
.What is contractility? - Answers-Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for
a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
.Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? - Answers-
Decreased
.What conditions can result in decreased contractility? - Answers-Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
, .What can cause increase afterload? - Answers-HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to
the aortic valve
.What has the most immediate effect on afterload? - Answers-HTN
.Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? - Answers-Decreased volume of
blood creates less resistance
.What does increased preload do to stroke volume? - Answers-Increases stroke
volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate however
.What can cause a decreased preload? - Answers-Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything
that causes reduced blood volume
.What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? - Answers-Right (AKA Right sided
HF)
.What is cor-pulmonale? - Answers-is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with
eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease.
Causes dilation (stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and
hypertrophy of cardiac cells
.What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? - Answers-COPD, PE, Pulmonary
fibrosis, sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
.What are causes of heart failure? - Answers-CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart
valves
.Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? - Answers-HTN causes increased
LV preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
. - Answers-
. - Answers-
. - Answers-
.What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? - Answers-nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
.What is ventilation? - Answers-The action of inhaling and exhaling
.What is perfusion? - Answers-the ability of the lungs to perform gas exchange at the
alveolar-capillary level moving blood into and out of the capillary cells
Verified Answers(AGrade)
How does blood flow through the heart? - Answers-Deoxygenated venous blood →
Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it
contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to
be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps
with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
.What is systole? - Answers-Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
.Diastole - Answers-Relaxation of the heart
.What produces S1 and S2 sound? - Answers-closing of the heart valves
.What produces S1? - Answers-The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
.What produces S2 sound? - Answers-The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in
diastole
.What is cardiac output? - Answers-the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle
per minute
.What is stroke volume? - Answers-amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with
contraction
.What determines cardiac output? - Answers-stroke volume and heart rate
.What is preload? - Answers-the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts,
related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the
ventricle during diastole
.What is afterload? - Answers-resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
.What is contractility? - Answers-Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for
a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
.Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? - Answers-
Decreased
.What conditions can result in decreased contractility? - Answers-Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
, .What can cause increase afterload? - Answers-HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to
the aortic valve
.What has the most immediate effect on afterload? - Answers-HTN
.Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? - Answers-Decreased volume of
blood creates less resistance
.What does increased preload do to stroke volume? - Answers-Increases stroke
volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate however
.What can cause a decreased preload? - Answers-Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything
that causes reduced blood volume
.What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? - Answers-Right (AKA Right sided
HF)
.What is cor-pulmonale? - Answers-is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with
eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease.
Causes dilation (stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and
hypertrophy of cardiac cells
.What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? - Answers-COPD, PE, Pulmonary
fibrosis, sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
.What are causes of heart failure? - Answers-CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart
valves
.Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? - Answers-HTN causes increased
LV preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
. - Answers-
. - Answers-
. - Answers-
.What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? - Answers-nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
.What is ventilation? - Answers-The action of inhaling and exhaling
.What is perfusion? - Answers-the ability of the lungs to perform gas exchange at the
alveolar-capillary level moving blood into and out of the capillary cells
