PNR 204 EXAM 3 CONCEPTS AND REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LATEST UPDATE
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen saturation levels
Levels that should be greater than 90%.
Signs of Respiratory distress
Tachypnea, rales, rhonchi, wheezing, increasing use of accessory muscles, cyanosis of
nail beds, mental irritability or confusion, stridor.
Ventilation
The process of breathing air into and out of the lungs.
Coryza
Common cold.
Allergies
No fever, sneezy and itchy.
Surfactant
Substance produced in the lungs starting at 24 weeks gestation that prevents alveoli
from collapsing.
Atelectasis
Collapse of the alveoli.
, Bronchiolitis
Viral infection of small airways, commonly affects children 6 months-2 years old.
RSV
Respiratory Syncytial virus, single most important pathogen that causes viral
pneumonia in infants.
Asthma
Chronic respiratory illness affecting children, principal cause of school absenteeism in
children, leading cause of ER visits in children and hospitalizations.
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Acute croup which can have stridor, high pitched sound associated with croup.
Epiglottitis
Swelling of the epiglottis caused by H influenza, a life-threatening emergency.
Cystic Fibrosis
Genetic illness that can cause thick secretions that obstruct airways, decreased flow of
digestive enzymes resulting in poor nutritional absorption, loss of electrolytes through
sweat resulting in electrolyte imbalance, bulky, foul smelling, frothy stools, infertility.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
An opening between the atriums, blood flows from the left atrium to the right, increases
blood to the lungs, treatment is surgery or cath closure.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
An opening between the 2 pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles), blood flows from
the left ventricle to the right, increases blood to the lungs, treatment is surgery or cath
closure.
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LATEST UPDATE
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen saturation levels
Levels that should be greater than 90%.
Signs of Respiratory distress
Tachypnea, rales, rhonchi, wheezing, increasing use of accessory muscles, cyanosis of
nail beds, mental irritability or confusion, stridor.
Ventilation
The process of breathing air into and out of the lungs.
Coryza
Common cold.
Allergies
No fever, sneezy and itchy.
Surfactant
Substance produced in the lungs starting at 24 weeks gestation that prevents alveoli
from collapsing.
Atelectasis
Collapse of the alveoli.
, Bronchiolitis
Viral infection of small airways, commonly affects children 6 months-2 years old.
RSV
Respiratory Syncytial virus, single most important pathogen that causes viral
pneumonia in infants.
Asthma
Chronic respiratory illness affecting children, principal cause of school absenteeism in
children, leading cause of ER visits in children and hospitalizations.
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Acute croup which can have stridor, high pitched sound associated with croup.
Epiglottitis
Swelling of the epiglottis caused by H influenza, a life-threatening emergency.
Cystic Fibrosis
Genetic illness that can cause thick secretions that obstruct airways, decreased flow of
digestive enzymes resulting in poor nutritional absorption, loss of electrolytes through
sweat resulting in electrolyte imbalance, bulky, foul smelling, frothy stools, infertility.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
An opening between the atriums, blood flows from the left atrium to the right, increases
blood to the lungs, treatment is surgery or cath closure.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
An opening between the 2 pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles), blood flows from
the left ventricle to the right, increases blood to the lungs, treatment is surgery or cath
closure.
