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m m m m m m m m
Chapter m2:mPhysicalmBiochemistry: mEnergy mConversion,mWater,mandmMembranes
LEARNINGmOBJECTIVES
2.1 EnergymConversion min mBiological mSystems 2.2 WatermIsmCritical mformLifemProcesses
2.1.a. Describemhowmsunlight mismthemsourcemof mallmenergy 2.2.a. Identify mhydrogen mbond mdonorsmand mhydrogen mbo
mon mEarth. nd macceptors.
2.1.b. Differentiate mbetween mautotrophsmand mheterotrophs. 2.2.b. Describemhowman mantifreezemprotein mfunctions.
2.1.c. Explain mthemrolemof moxidation- 2.2.c. Differentiatemamongmhydrogen mbonds,mioni
reduction mreactionsmin mbiologicalmsystems. cminteractions,mand mvan mdermWaalsminteractions.
2.1.d. Differentiate mbetween ma msystem mandmitsmsurroundings 2.2.d. Statemthemconcept mof mthemhydrophobicmeffect mand mh
. owmitmimpactsmprotein mfolding.
2.1.e. Differentiate mamongmopen,mclosed,mand misolate 2.2.e. Explain mthemimpactsmof mhypotonic,misotonic,ma
d msystems. nd mhypertonic msolutionsmon mcells.
2.1.f. Explain mthemfirst mlawmof mthermodynamicsmasmit mappl 2.2.f. Identify mthemimportant maspectsmof mplant,mfungi,ma
iesmto mbiologicalmsystems. nd mbacterialmcellsmthat mallowmthem mtomsurvivemin ma mhyp
otonicmenvironment.
2.1.g. Differentiate mbetween mendothermic mand mexothermi
cmreactions. 2.2.g. Calculatemthemconcentration mof mH +m ormOH –
m
given mthemOH –m ormH +m concentration.
2.1.h. Statemthemsecond mlawmof mthermodynamicsmasmit mappl
iesmto mbiologicalmsystems. 2.2.h. RelatempH mto mthemconcentration mof mH +m ormOH – .
2.1.i. Explain mthemconcept mofmentropy mand mitsmrole 2.2.i. Differentiatembetween mweak macidsmand mstrongmaci
min mbiologicalmsystems. dsmand mbetween mweak mbasesmand mstrongmbases.
2.1.j. DefinemGibbsmfreemenergy,mitsmrelation mto menthalpy ma 2.2.j. RelatempH mto mpKa musingmthemHenderson-
nd mentropy,mand mitsmrelation mto mequilibrium. Hasselbalch mequation.
2.1.k. Identify mthemimpactsmofmenthalpy,mentropy,ma 2.3 Cell mMembranesmFunction masmSelectivemHydrophobi
nd mtemperature mon mfreemenergy. cmBarriers
2.1.l. Differentiate mbetween mstandard mstatemcondition mand mt 2.3.a. Identify mthemcharacteristicsmof ma mphospholipid mth
hembiochemicalmstandard mstate. atmcontributemto mmembranemformation.
2.1.m. Differentiate mbetween mexergonicmand mendergoni 2.3.b. Relatemthemdegreemof msaturation min mphospholipidsm
cmreactionsmand mexplain mhowmsuch mreactionsmaremcoupl to mthemfluidity mof mthemmembrane.
ed min mbiologicalmsystems.
2.3.c. Explain mthemvariousmwaysmcholesterolmimpac
2.1.n. Identify mthemcharacteristicsmof mthemATPmmolecule tsmmembranemstructure.
mthat mprovide msuch ma mlarge mstandard mfree menergy mchange
mformphosphoanhydride mbond mcleavage. 2.3.d. Differentiatemamongmthemdifferent mtypesmof mmembran
esmfound min ma meukaryotic mcell.
2.1.o. Describemthemrelationship mbetween menergy mchargema
nd mconcentrationsmof mATP,mADP,mand mAMP.
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m m m m m m m m
Chapter m2:mPhysicalmBiochemistry: mEnergy mConversion,mWater,mandmMembranes
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Energy m conversion m in m livingm systemsm ism required m form whatm threem typesm of m work?
a. osmotic m work,m chemicalm work,m mechanicalm work
b. osmotic m work,m chemicalm work,m potentialm work
c. kineticm work,m chemicalm work,m mechanicalm work
d. osmotic m work,m photosynthetic m work,m mechanicalm work
ANS:m A DIF: Easy REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.a.mDescribemhowmsunlightmismthemsourcemofmallmenergy mon mEart
h.m MSC:m Remembering
2. Whatm chemicalm processm ism ablem to m takem placem in m them presence m of m solarm energy?
a. anaerobic m respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. hydrogenation
d. hydrolysis
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.a.mDescribemhowmsunlightmismthemsourcemofmallmenergy mon mEart
h.m MSC:m Remembering
3. Which m of m them followingm ism them correctm solarm energy m reaction m thatm takesm placem on m them sun?
a. 4 m Hem →m 4 He
b. 4 Hem →m 4 m He
c. 4 m Hm →m4 He
d. 4 Hm →m 4 m H
ANS:m C DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.a.mDescribemhowmsunlightmismthemsourcemofmallmenergy mon mEart
h.m MSC:m Understanding
4. Whatm ism them finalm molecule m madem fromm them oxidation m of m H2 Om by m solarm energy?
a. ozone
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. carbon m dioxide
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.c.m Explain m them rolem of m oxidation-
reduction m reactionsm in m biologicalm systems.mMSC:m Understanding
5. Them differencem betweenm an m oxidationm reactionm andm am reduction m reaction m ism thatm oxidation m ism the
m and m reduction m ism the m .
a. lossm of m electrons;m gain m of m electrons
b. gain m of m electrons;m lossm of m electrons
c. lossm of m protons;m gain m of m protons
d. gain m of m protons;m lossm of m protons
ANS:m A DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.c.m Explain m them rolem of m oxidation-
reduction m reactionsm in m biologicalm systems.mMSC:m Analyzing
1m
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m m m m m m m m
6. Which m ofm them followingm correctlym describesm them relationshipm betweenm an m icem cubem meltingm on
m the mtable mand mthe mairmsurroundingmit?
a. Them icem cubem ism them system m and m them airm ism them surroundings.
b. Them airm ism them systemm and m them icem cube m ism them surroundings.
c. Them icem cubem ism them system m and m only m them airm ism them universe.
d. Them airm ism them systemm and m only m them icem cubem ism them universe.
ANS:m A DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.d.mDifferentiate mbetweenmamsystemmandmitsmsurroundings.mM
SC:m Evaluating
7. Which m of m them followingm ism an m example m of m am system?
a. them universe
b. them air
c. am testm tubem with m reaction m components
d. outerm space
ANS:m C DIF: Easy REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.d.mDifferentiate mbetweenmamsystemmandmitsmsurroundings.mM
SC:m Understanding
8. Am hotm pack m on m yourm armm ism an m example m of m whatm kind m of m system?
a. open
b. closed
c. isolated
d. surroundings
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.e.mDifferentiate mamongmopen,mclosed,mand misolated msystems.m
MSC:m Applying
9. Which m of m them followingm bestm describesm an m open m system?
a. Matterm and m energy m arem freely m exchanged m with m them surroundings.
b. Energy m ism exchanged m with m them surroundingsm butm matterm ism not.
c. Matterm ism exchanged m with m them surroundingsm butm energy m ism not.
d. Neitherm matterm norm energy m ism exchanged m with m them surroundings.
ANS:m A DIF: Easy REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.e.mDifferentiate mamongmopen,mclosed,mand misolated msystems.m
MSC:m Understanding
10. Which m of m them followingm bestm definesm them firstm lawm of m thermodynamics?
a. Allm spontaneousm processesm in m them universe m tend m toward m dispersalm of m energy.
b. Totalm amountm of m energy m in m them universe m ism am constant.
c. Therem ism no m entropy m atm zero m Kelvin.
d. Entropy m ism am measure m of m disorder.
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.f.m Explainm them firstm lawm ofm thermodynamicsm asm itm appliesm to m biologicalm system
s.mMSC:m Understanding
2m
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m m m m m m m m
Chapter m2:mPhysicalmBiochemistry: mEnergy mConversion,mWater,mandmMembranes
LEARNINGmOBJECTIVES
2.1 EnergymConversion min mBiological mSystems 2.2 WatermIsmCritical mformLifemProcesses
2.1.a. Describemhowmsunlight mismthemsourcemof mallmenergy 2.2.a. Identify mhydrogen mbond mdonorsmand mhydrogen mbo
mon mEarth. nd macceptors.
2.1.b. Differentiate mbetween mautotrophsmand mheterotrophs. 2.2.b. Describemhowman mantifreezemprotein mfunctions.
2.1.c. Explain mthemrolemof moxidation- 2.2.c. Differentiatemamongmhydrogen mbonds,mioni
reduction mreactionsmin mbiologicalmsystems. cminteractions,mand mvan mdermWaalsminteractions.
2.1.d. Differentiate mbetween ma msystem mandmitsmsurroundings 2.2.d. Statemthemconcept mof mthemhydrophobicmeffect mand mh
. owmitmimpactsmprotein mfolding.
2.1.e. Differentiate mamongmopen,mclosed,mand misolate 2.2.e. Explain mthemimpactsmof mhypotonic,misotonic,ma
d msystems. nd mhypertonic msolutionsmon mcells.
2.1.f. Explain mthemfirst mlawmof mthermodynamicsmasmit mappl 2.2.f. Identify mthemimportant maspectsmof mplant,mfungi,ma
iesmto mbiologicalmsystems. nd mbacterialmcellsmthat mallowmthem mtomsurvivemin ma mhyp
otonicmenvironment.
2.1.g. Differentiate mbetween mendothermic mand mexothermi
cmreactions. 2.2.g. Calculatemthemconcentration mof mH +m ormOH –
m
given mthemOH –m ormH +m concentration.
2.1.h. Statemthemsecond mlawmof mthermodynamicsmasmit mappl
iesmto mbiologicalmsystems. 2.2.h. RelatempH mto mthemconcentration mof mH +m ormOH – .
2.1.i. Explain mthemconcept mofmentropy mand mitsmrole 2.2.i. Differentiatembetween mweak macidsmand mstrongmaci
min mbiologicalmsystems. dsmand mbetween mweak mbasesmand mstrongmbases.
2.1.j. DefinemGibbsmfreemenergy,mitsmrelation mto menthalpy ma 2.2.j. RelatempH mto mpKa musingmthemHenderson-
nd mentropy,mand mitsmrelation mto mequilibrium. Hasselbalch mequation.
2.1.k. Identify mthemimpactsmofmenthalpy,mentropy,ma 2.3 Cell mMembranesmFunction masmSelectivemHydrophobi
nd mtemperature mon mfreemenergy. cmBarriers
2.1.l. Differentiate mbetween mstandard mstatemcondition mand mt 2.3.a. Identify mthemcharacteristicsmof ma mphospholipid mth
hembiochemicalmstandard mstate. atmcontributemto mmembranemformation.
2.1.m. Differentiate mbetween mexergonicmand mendergoni 2.3.b. Relatemthemdegreemof msaturation min mphospholipidsm
cmreactionsmand mexplain mhowmsuch mreactionsmaremcoupl to mthemfluidity mof mthemmembrane.
ed min mbiologicalmsystems.
2.3.c. Explain mthemvariousmwaysmcholesterolmimpac
2.1.n. Identify mthemcharacteristicsmof mthemATPmmolecule tsmmembranemstructure.
mthat mprovide msuch ma mlarge mstandard mfree menergy mchange
mformphosphoanhydride mbond mcleavage. 2.3.d. Differentiatemamongmthemdifferent mtypesmof mmembran
esmfound min ma meukaryotic mcell.
2.1.o. Describemthemrelationship mbetween menergy mchargema
nd mconcentrationsmof mATP,mADP,mand mAMP.
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m m m m m m m m
Chapter m2:mPhysicalmBiochemistry: mEnergy mConversion,mWater,mandmMembranes
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Energy m conversion m in m livingm systemsm ism required m form whatm threem typesm of m work?
a. osmotic m work,m chemicalm work,m mechanicalm work
b. osmotic m work,m chemicalm work,m potentialm work
c. kineticm work,m chemicalm work,m mechanicalm work
d. osmotic m work,m photosynthetic m work,m mechanicalm work
ANS:m A DIF: Easy REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.a.mDescribemhowmsunlightmismthemsourcemofmallmenergy mon mEart
h.m MSC:m Remembering
2. Whatm chemicalm processm ism ablem to m takem placem in m them presence m of m solarm energy?
a. anaerobic m respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. hydrogenation
d. hydrolysis
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.a.mDescribemhowmsunlightmismthemsourcemofmallmenergy mon mEart
h.m MSC:m Remembering
3. Which m of m them followingm ism them correctm solarm energy m reaction m thatm takesm placem on m them sun?
a. 4 m Hem →m 4 He
b. 4 Hem →m 4 m He
c. 4 m Hm →m4 He
d. 4 Hm →m 4 m H
ANS:m C DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.a.mDescribemhowmsunlightmismthemsourcemofmallmenergy mon mEart
h.m MSC:m Understanding
4. Whatm ism them finalm molecule m madem fromm them oxidation m of m H2 Om by m solarm energy?
a. ozone
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. carbon m dioxide
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.c.m Explain m them rolem of m oxidation-
reduction m reactionsm in m biologicalm systems.mMSC:m Understanding
5. Them differencem betweenm an m oxidationm reactionm andm am reduction m reaction m ism thatm oxidation m ism the
m and m reduction m ism the m .
a. lossm of m electrons;m gain m of m electrons
b. gain m of m electrons;m lossm of m electrons
c. lossm of m protons;m gain m of m protons
d. gain m of m protons;m lossm of m protons
ANS:m A DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.c.m Explain m them rolem of m oxidation-
reduction m reactionsm in m biologicalm systems.mMSC:m Analyzing
1m
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m m m m m m m m
6. Which m ofm them followingm correctlym describesm them relationshipm betweenm an m icem cubem meltingm on
m the mtable mand mthe mairmsurroundingmit?
a. Them icem cubem ism them system m and m them airm ism them surroundings.
b. Them airm ism them systemm and m them icem cube m ism them surroundings.
c. Them icem cubem ism them system m and m only m them airm ism them universe.
d. Them airm ism them systemm and m only m them icem cubem ism them universe.
ANS:m A DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.d.mDifferentiate mbetweenmamsystemmandmitsmsurroundings.mM
SC:m Evaluating
7. Which m of m them followingm ism an m example m of m am system?
a. them universe
b. them air
c. am testm tubem with m reaction m components
d. outerm space
ANS:m C DIF: Easy REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.d.mDifferentiate mbetweenmamsystemmandmitsmsurroundings.mM
SC:m Understanding
8. Am hotm pack m on m yourm armm ism an m example m of m whatm kind m of m system?
a. open
b. closed
c. isolated
d. surroundings
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.e.mDifferentiate mamongmopen,mclosed,mand misolated msystems.m
MSC:m Applying
9. Which m of m them followingm bestm describesm an m open m system?
a. Matterm and m energy m arem freely m exchanged m with m them surroundings.
b. Energy m ism exchanged m with m them surroundingsm butm matterm ism not.
c. Matterm ism exchanged m with m them surroundingsm butm energy m ism not.
d. Neitherm matterm norm energy m ism exchanged m with m them surroundings.
ANS:m A DIF: Easy REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.e.mDifferentiate mamongmopen,mclosed,mand misolated msystems.m
MSC:m Understanding
10. Which m of m them followingm bestm definesm them firstm lawm of m thermodynamics?
a. Allm spontaneousm processesm in m them universe m tend m toward m dispersalm of m energy.
b. Totalm amountm of m energy m in m them universe m ism am constant.
c. Therem ism no m entropy m atm zero m Kelvin.
d. Entropy m ism am measure m of m disorder.
ANS:m B DIF: Medium REF:m 2.1
OBJ:m 2.1.f.m Explainm them firstm lawm ofm thermodynamicsm asm itm appliesm to m biologicalm system
s.mMSC:m Understanding
2m
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