SOLUTION MANUAL FOR m m
Business Law with UCC Applications 16e Sukys
m m m m m m
Chapter m1
Answers to Text Problems
m m m
PART 1 m ETHICS, LAW, AND THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM
m m m m m
Chapter 1 Ethics, Social Responsibility, and the Law
m m m m m m m
Case in Point Questions
m m m
(Note:mThemanswersmtomthesemquestionsmcanmbemfound minmthemCaseminmPoint mfeaturesmat mthe
mopeningmof meachmchapterminmBLUCCA m16morminmthemtext mof meachmchapter.mConsequently,m
tomensuremaccuracy,mthemanswersmaremtakenmdirectlymfrommthemCasesminmPoint mfeaturemand/o
rmthemtext.mStudent manswersmshould mreflect mthis,mbut mshouldmeithermbemwrittenminmthemstuden
t‘smownmwordsmor,mwhenmquoted,mcited mappropriately.)
1. Answersmwillmvary.mAccept mallmwell-
reasoned manswersmbased monmonemof mthemethicalmoptionsmcovered minmChapterm1.
2. Answersmwillmvary.mAccept mallmwell-
reasoned manswersmbased monmonemof mthemethicalmoptionsmcovered minmChapterm1.
3. Answersmwillmvary.mAccept mallmwell-
reasoned manswersmbased monmonemof mthemethicalmoptionsmcovered minmChapterm1.
4. Yes.mMaxmWebermarguesmthat mtwo-
levelsmof mmoralitymexist,mrepresented mbymthemethicmofmultimatemendsmform individualsman
d manmethicmofmresponsibilitymformnationalmleaders.m Themethicmof multimatemendsmmust mbe
mpracticed mbymindividualsmbecausemindividualsmcanmnevermcompletelymforeseem―themu
ltimatemends‖ mof mtheirmactions.mTherefore,mindividualsmmust mobeymabsolutemmoralmpre
cepts,msuchmasm―alwaysmhelpmthempoormand mlessmfortunate,‖ mor
1
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
, "turnmthemothermcheek,"morm"alwaysmtellmthemtruth,‖ mdespitemthemfact mthat mthemultimatemc
onsequencesmof mthosemactionsmaremunclearmormuncomfortable.
Onmthemothermhand,mthemethicmof mresponsibilitymdemandsmthat mmoralmactors—
inmthismcase,mnationalmleaders—
must mconsidermtheirmresponsibilitiesmtomthosempeoplemwhomdepend monmthosemleadersmfo
rmsafetymand msecurity.mSo,mformexample,mif mamneighboringmnationmismbelligerent,maggres
sive,mormdetermined mtomfight mancient mcultural,mreligious,mand methnicmwars,mthemleadersm
of mthemfirst mnationmcannot mignoremthat mthreat,masmmuchmasmtheymmight
want mto.mInmshort,mtheymaremnot mpermitted mtom―turnmthemothermcheek‖ mbecausemtomdoms
omwould mendangermtheminnocent mpeoplemtheymhavemthemdutymtomprotect.mUnfortunate
ly,mmanymnationalmleadersmfailmtomseemthismdistinction.mThemleadersmof mthemUnited mSt
atesmhavembeenmespeciallymguiltymof mthismshortsightedness.
5. Themexistencemof mthemsocialmcontract mpermitsmpeoplemtomlivemtogethermin mpeacemand mh
armony,mbut mit mdoesmnot mpermit manyone,mnot mevenmthemleader,mtomviolatemthemcoremrigh
tsmof mlifemand msecurity.mShould mamleadermconsistentlymviolatemcoremrights,mthenmthempe
oplemhavemamdutymtomdemand mthat msuchmoppressivemand mdangerousmbehaviormend.
Questions for Review and Discussion
m m m m
1. Themlaw mismamset mof mrulesmmadembymthemgovernment mtompromotemstability,mharmony,ma
nd mjustice.mMoralityminvolvesmthemvaluesmthat maremthemfoundationmformmoralmdecision
mmaking.mEthicsmismamwaymtomfiguremout mwhat mthosemvaluesmmight mbe.
2. Traditionalmnaturalmlaw mseesmlaw masmoriginatingmfrom manmobjective,msuperiormforce mtha
t mstandsmoutsidemthemeverydaymexperiencemof mmost mpeople.mHistorically,mnaturalmlaw mh
ad mitsmoriginminmthemclassicalmJudeo-
Christianmbelief minmamDivinitymthat mcreated,mcontrols,mand mrulesmthemphysicalmuniversem
accordingmtomamset mof muniversalmlawsmthat mcamemfrommthemwillmof mthemDivinity.mSimilar
ly,mmodernmnaturalmlaw malsomseesmlaw masmoriginatingmfrommanmobjectivemorigin mpoint;m
however,mthat moriginmpoint mismneithermtranscendent mnormsupernaturalmbut mis,minstead,mc
onceived mof mbymthemhumanmmind.mThus,mthemsourcemof mnaturalmlaw mcomesmfrommwithin
mthemmind mof msocialmphilosophers,msuchmasmThomasmHobbes,mJeanm JacquesmRousseau,m
ImmanuelmKant,mand mJeanmPaulmSartre,meachmof mwhommclaimed mtomhavemfound mthemcor
2
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
, rect mobjectivemstandard mof mhumanmmorality.
3
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
, 3. Non-
judgmentalismmismthemtendencymtombemtolerant mof meverymtypemof mbehaviormevenmthemm
ost mreprehensiblemactsmimaginable,msomthat,minmturn,myourmownm most mreprehensiblema
ctionsmwillmnot mbemjudged mbymothers.mInmcontrast,mhyper-
intolerancemcanmbemdefined masmopenmhostilitymtomthemviews,mideas,mtraditions,mand mpri
nciplesmof mbelief mheld mand mpracticed mbymothers.
4. Themsocialmcontract moptionmholdsmthat mright mand mwrongmaremmeasured mbymthemobligatio
nsmimposed monmeveryonembymanmimplied magreement mormcontract mamongmall mthempeople
mwithinmamparticularmsocialmsystem.
5. Themstepsminmapplyingmutilitarianismmaremasmfollows:
a. Themactionmtombemevaluated mshould mbemstated minmunemotional,mgeneralmterms.mF
ormexample,m―stealingmanothermperson‘smproperty‖ mismemotional mlanguage;
―confiscatingmpropertymformone‘smownmuse‖ mismsomewhat mlessmemotional.
b. Everympersonmormclassmof mpeoplemthat mwillmbemaffected mbymthemactionmmust m
bemidentified.
c. Good mand mbad mconsequencesminmrelationmtomthosempeoplemaffected mmust m
bemconsidered.
d. Allmalternativesmtomthemactionmstated minmstepm1mmust mbemconsidered.
e. Oncemstepm4mhasmbeenmcarried mout,mamconclusionmmust mbemreached.mWhichevermalt
ernativemcreatesmthemgreatest mgood mformthemgreatest mnumbermof mpeoplemaffected mby
mthemactionmismthemonemthat mought mtombemtaken.
6. Themrationalmoptionmismamphilosophicalmtheorymthat massertsmunequivocallymthat mhuman
mbeings,mbecausemof mtheirminnatemcapacitymformrationalmthought,mcanmdeterminemthemnat
uremand mapplicationmof methicalmvalues.mThemtheorymassumesmthat mbecausem all mhumanmb
eingsmaremrational,mallmhumanmbeingsmought mtomhavemthemsamemethicalmvalues.m Therefo
re,mrationalmethicsmcanmestablishmuniversalmrulesmof mbehaviormthat malwaysmapplymtomallm
people.mFormthismreason,mthemrationalmoptionmismoftenmreferred mtomasmobjectivemethicsmo
rmnormativemethics.mSincemthemrationalmoptionmalsomfocusesmonmdutiesmrathermthanmright
s,mit mismalsomcalled mdeontologicalmethics.mInmitsmpuremform,mthemword mdeontologicalmm
eansm"wordsmof mduty"mcomingmfrommthemGreekmwordsmdeon,mduty,mand mlogos,mword mo
rmutterance.
4
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
Business Law with UCC Applications 16e Sukys
m m m m m m
Chapter m1
Answers to Text Problems
m m m
PART 1 m ETHICS, LAW, AND THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM
m m m m m
Chapter 1 Ethics, Social Responsibility, and the Law
m m m m m m m
Case in Point Questions
m m m
(Note:mThemanswersmtomthesemquestionsmcanmbemfound minmthemCaseminmPoint mfeaturesmat mthe
mopeningmof meachmchapterminmBLUCCA m16morminmthemtext mof meachmchapter.mConsequently,m
tomensuremaccuracy,mthemanswersmaremtakenmdirectlymfrommthemCasesminmPoint mfeaturemand/o
rmthemtext.mStudent manswersmshould mreflect mthis,mbut mshouldmeithermbemwrittenminmthemstuden
t‘smownmwordsmor,mwhenmquoted,mcited mappropriately.)
1. Answersmwillmvary.mAccept mallmwell-
reasoned manswersmbased monmonemof mthemethicalmoptionsmcovered minmChapterm1.
2. Answersmwillmvary.mAccept mallmwell-
reasoned manswersmbased monmonemof mthemethicalmoptionsmcovered minmChapterm1.
3. Answersmwillmvary.mAccept mallmwell-
reasoned manswersmbased monmonemof mthemethicalmoptionsmcovered minmChapterm1.
4. Yes.mMaxmWebermarguesmthat mtwo-
levelsmof mmoralitymexist,mrepresented mbymthemethicmofmultimatemendsmform individualsman
d manmethicmofmresponsibilitymformnationalmleaders.m Themethicmof multimatemendsmmust mbe
mpracticed mbymindividualsmbecausemindividualsmcanmnevermcompletelymforeseem―themu
ltimatemends‖ mof mtheirmactions.mTherefore,mindividualsmmust mobeymabsolutemmoralmpre
cepts,msuchmasm―alwaysmhelpmthempoormand mlessmfortunate,‖ mor
1
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
, "turnmthemothermcheek,"morm"alwaysmtellmthemtruth,‖ mdespitemthemfact mthat mthemultimatemc
onsequencesmof mthosemactionsmaremunclearmormuncomfortable.
Onmthemothermhand,mthemethicmof mresponsibilitymdemandsmthat mmoralmactors—
inmthismcase,mnationalmleaders—
must mconsidermtheirmresponsibilitiesmtomthosempeoplemwhomdepend monmthosemleadersmfo
rmsafetymand msecurity.mSo,mformexample,mif mamneighboringmnationmismbelligerent,maggres
sive,mormdetermined mtomfight mancient mcultural,mreligious,mand methnicmwars,mthemleadersm
of mthemfirst mnationmcannot mignoremthat mthreat,masmmuchmasmtheymmight
want mto.mInmshort,mtheymaremnot mpermitted mtom―turnmthemothermcheek‖ mbecausemtomdoms
omwould mendangermtheminnocent mpeoplemtheymhavemthemdutymtomprotect.mUnfortunate
ly,mmanymnationalmleadersmfailmtomseemthismdistinction.mThemleadersmof mthemUnited mSt
atesmhavembeenmespeciallymguiltymof mthismshortsightedness.
5. Themexistencemof mthemsocialmcontract mpermitsmpeoplemtomlivemtogethermin mpeacemand mh
armony,mbut mit mdoesmnot mpermit manyone,mnot mevenmthemleader,mtomviolatemthemcoremrigh
tsmof mlifemand msecurity.mShould mamleadermconsistentlymviolatemcoremrights,mthenmthempe
oplemhavemamdutymtomdemand mthat msuchmoppressivemand mdangerousmbehaviormend.
Questions for Review and Discussion
m m m m
1. Themlaw mismamset mof mrulesmmadembymthemgovernment mtompromotemstability,mharmony,ma
nd mjustice.mMoralityminvolvesmthemvaluesmthat maremthemfoundationmformmoralmdecision
mmaking.mEthicsmismamwaymtomfiguremout mwhat mthosemvaluesmmight mbe.
2. Traditionalmnaturalmlaw mseesmlaw masmoriginatingmfrom manmobjective,msuperiormforce mtha
t mstandsmoutsidemthemeverydaymexperiencemof mmost mpeople.mHistorically,mnaturalmlaw mh
ad mitsmoriginminmthemclassicalmJudeo-
Christianmbelief minmamDivinitymthat mcreated,mcontrols,mand mrulesmthemphysicalmuniversem
accordingmtomamset mof muniversalmlawsmthat mcamemfrommthemwillmof mthemDivinity.mSimilar
ly,mmodernmnaturalmlaw malsomseesmlaw masmoriginatingmfrommanmobjectivemorigin mpoint;m
however,mthat moriginmpoint mismneithermtranscendent mnormsupernaturalmbut mis,minstead,mc
onceived mof mbymthemhumanmmind.mThus,mthemsourcemof mnaturalmlaw mcomesmfrommwithin
mthemmind mof msocialmphilosophers,msuchmasmThomasmHobbes,mJeanm JacquesmRousseau,m
ImmanuelmKant,mand mJeanmPaulmSartre,meachmof mwhommclaimed mtomhavemfound mthemcor
2
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
, rect mobjectivemstandard mof mhumanmmorality.
3
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
, 3. Non-
judgmentalismmismthemtendencymtombemtolerant mof meverymtypemof mbehaviormevenmthemm
ost mreprehensiblemactsmimaginable,msomthat,minmturn,myourmownm most mreprehensiblema
ctionsmwillmnot mbemjudged mbymothers.mInmcontrast,mhyper-
intolerancemcanmbemdefined masmopenmhostilitymtomthemviews,mideas,mtraditions,mand mpri
nciplesmof mbelief mheld mand mpracticed mbymothers.
4. Themsocialmcontract moptionmholdsmthat mright mand mwrongmaremmeasured mbymthemobligatio
nsmimposed monmeveryonembymanmimplied magreement mormcontract mamongmall mthempeople
mwithinmamparticularmsocialmsystem.
5. Themstepsminmapplyingmutilitarianismmaremasmfollows:
a. Themactionmtombemevaluated mshould mbemstated minmunemotional,mgeneralmterms.mF
ormexample,m―stealingmanothermperson‘smproperty‖ mismemotional mlanguage;
―confiscatingmpropertymformone‘smownmuse‖ mismsomewhat mlessmemotional.
b. Everympersonmormclassmof mpeoplemthat mwillmbemaffected mbymthemactionmmust m
bemidentified.
c. Good mand mbad mconsequencesminmrelationmtomthosempeoplemaffected mmust m
bemconsidered.
d. Allmalternativesmtomthemactionmstated minmstepm1mmust mbemconsidered.
e. Oncemstepm4mhasmbeenmcarried mout,mamconclusionmmust mbemreached.mWhichevermalt
ernativemcreatesmthemgreatest mgood mformthemgreatest mnumbermof mpeoplemaffected mby
mthemactionmismthemonemthat mought mtombemtaken.
6. Themrationalmoptionmismamphilosophicalmtheorymthat massertsmunequivocallymthat mhuman
mbeings,mbecausemof mtheirminnatemcapacitymformrationalmthought,mcanmdeterminemthemnat
uremand mapplicationmof methicalmvalues.mThemtheorymassumesmthat mbecausem all mhumanmb
eingsmaremrational,mallmhumanmbeingsmought mtomhavemthemsamemethicalmvalues.m Therefo
re,mrationalmethicsmcanmestablishmuniversalmrulesmof mbehaviormthat malwaysmapplymtomallm
people.mFormthismreason,mthemrationalmoptionmismoftenmreferred mtomasmobjectivemethicsmo
rmnormativemethics.mSincemthemrationalmoptionmalsomfocusesmonmdutiesmrathermthanmright
s,mit mismalsomcalled mdeontologicalmethics.mInmitsmpuremform,mthemword mdeontologicalmm
eansm"wordsmof mduty"mcomingmfrommthemGreekmwordsmdeon,mduty,mand mlogos,mword mo
rmutterance.
4
©mMcGrawmHillmLLC.mAllmrights mreserved.mNomreproductionmormdistributionmwithoutmthemprior mwrittenmconsentmof mMcGrawm
HillmLLC.
