TEST BANK FOR COGNITION EXPL
m m m m
ORING THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND
m m m m m
, 7TH EDITION, DANIEL REISBERG
m m m m
, CHAPTER 1 m The Science of the Mind
m m m m
LEARNINGmOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describemthemscopemand mgoals mof mcognitivempsychology.
1.2. Understand mthemcasemof mH.M., mand mthemmany mways mthat mmemory minf luences mourmlives.
1.3. Describemthemlimitations mof mintrospectionmas mammethod mf ormscientif ic minquiry.
1.4. Comparemand mcontrast mclassicalm(Watsonian)mbehaviorismmand mcognitivempsychology.
1.5. Kant’s m“transcendentalmmethod”mis msometimes mcalled m“inf erencemto mbest mexplanation.”mExplainmthis mmethod mand mh
owmitmworks.
1.6. Describemthemrole, minmthememergencemof mcognitivempsychology, mthat mwas mplayed mby mcomputermsciencemand mthemdev
elop-mment mof m“computermintelligence.”
MULTIPLE mCHOICE
1. Which mof mthemfollowingmtopicsmismNOT mcommonly mstudied mwithin mcognitivempsychology?
a. angermmanagement c. memory
b. decision mmaking d. Attention
ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsychology mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mUnderstanding
2. CognitivemprocessesmaremNOTmnecessary mformwhich mdaily mactivity?
a. readingma mnewspape c . talkingmon mthemphone
r
d . breathing
b. studyingmforma mtest
ANS: m D DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsycholog
y
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa mwantsmto mbema mpsychologist mbut mismunsuremwhich mtopicmwithin mpsychology mmost minterestsmher.mWhich m
of mthemfollowingmtopicsmwould mbemLEASTmlikely mto mlead mherminto mcognitivempsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lymemdisease
b. languagemacquisition d. problem-solvingmstrategies
,ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsychology mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mApplying
4. Considermthemsequencem“Betsy mwanted mtombringmJacob ma mpresent.mShemshook mhermpiggy mbank.”mMost mpeople,ma
ftermhearingmthismsequence,mbelievemBetsy mwasmcheckingmhermpiggy mbank mto mseemif mshemhad mmoney mtomspendmon mthemgift.mThisminfe
rencemabout mBetsy’smgoalsmdependsmon mthemfact mthat
a. ourmpreviousmknowledgemfillsmin mbackground minformation mwhenevermwe’remunderstandingman me
vent mormconversation.
b. readersmaremlikely mto mknowmsomeonemnamed mJacob.
c. English,munlikemothermlanguages,mrequiresmspeakersmto mmention mallmof mthempeopleminvolved mi
n man mevent.
d. themindividualmsentencesmaremshort.
ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
ThemBroad mRolemformMemory mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mUnderstanding
5. Which mof mthemfollowingmstatementsmismLEASTmlikely mto mapply mto mpatient mH.M.?
a. “Hemcannot mremembermwhat mhemdid mearliermtoday,mincludingmeventsmthat mtook mplacemjust man mhourmago.”
b. “Hemread mthismstory mlast mmonth,mbut mhemwasmstillmsurprised mby mhowmthemstory mturned mout.”
c. “Even mthough mhemhasmencountered mthemnursemmany mtimes,mhemismstillmunablemto mrecognizemher.”
d. “Hemremembered mthat mitmwasmonly ma mweek mago mthat mhe’d mheard mthemsad mnewsmthat mhismunclemhad mdied.”
ANS: m D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia mand mMemory mLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC: mApplying
6. Research mwith mH.M.mprovidesman millustration mformwhich mmajormthememof mthemchapter?
a. Introspection misman mimportant mresearch mtoolmformcognitivempsychologists.
b. Cognitivempsychology mcan mhelp musmunderstand ma mwidemrangemof mactivitiesmthat mdepend mon msome
one’smability mto mremember.
c. Memory mismnot mvery mimportant.
d. Themdisruption mcaused mby mbrain mdamagemdependsmon mhowmwidespread mthemdamagemis,mand mnotmo
n mthemspecificmsitesmthat maremdamaged.
ANS: m m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsycholog
y
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientsmsufferingmfrom mclinicalmamnesia maremcharacterized mby
a. memory mdysfunction. c. inarticulatem speech.
b. an minability mto mrecognizempattern d. impaired mlanguagemcomprehension.
s.
ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia mand mMemory mLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC: mRemembering
8. Themterm m“introspection” mrefersmto mthe
a. processmby mwhich monemindividualmseeksmto minfermthemthoughtsmof manothermindividual.
b. proceduremof mexaminingmthought mprocessingmby mmonitoringmthembrain’smelectricalmactivity.
, c. processmof meach mperson mlookingmwithin,mto mobservemhismormhermown mthoughtsmand mideas.
d. technique mof mstudyingmthought mby minterpretingmthemsymbolsmused min mcommunication.
ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mRemembering
9. Amparticipant mismasked mto mlook mwithin mhimself mormherself mand mreport mon mhismormhermown mmentalmprocesses.mThismmeth
od
ismcalled
a. logicalminference. c. introspection.
m
b. reconstruction. m d.
ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mRemembering
10. Of mthemfollowing,mintrospection mismLEASTmusefulmformstudying
a. topicsmthat maremstrongly mcolored mby memotion.
b. mentalmeventsmthat maremunconscious.
c. processesmthat minvolvemconceptualm knowledge.
d. eventsmthat mtakema mlongmtimemto munfold.
ANS: m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mUnderstanding
11. Which mof mthemfollowingmstatementsmabout mintrospection mismFALSE?
a. Itmismthemonly mway mto mobservemconsciousmeventsmdirectly.
b. Itmismsubjective.
c. Itmprovidesmstrongmevidencemformhypothesis-testing.
d. Itmwasma mtechnique mused mhistorically mto mstudy mcognition.
ANS: m C DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mUnderstanding
12. Geniemwondersmwhy mshemcan mnevermremembermthemnamesmof mnewmacquaintances.mIn msearch mofman manswer,mshemexa
minesmand mreflectsmon mhermfeelingsmabout mmeetingmnewmpeople.mGeniemismengaged min mwhich mprocess?
a. practicalmrehearsal c. learningmhistory manalysis
b. introspection d. goalmretrieval
ANS: m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mApplying
13. Introspection mwasmemployed masma mresearch mtoolmin mthemlatem1800smbecause
a. itmwasmregarded masmthemonly mway mto mobservemthemmind’smcontentsmdirectly.
b. itmprovided mdata mfrom mindividualsmwithout many mspecialized mtraining.
c. consciousmeventsmaremjust masmimportant masmunconsciousmevents.
m m m m
ORING THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND
m m m m m
, 7TH EDITION, DANIEL REISBERG
m m m m
, CHAPTER 1 m The Science of the Mind
m m m m
LEARNINGmOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describemthemscopemand mgoals mof mcognitivempsychology.
1.2. Understand mthemcasemof mH.M., mand mthemmany mways mthat mmemory minf luences mourmlives.
1.3. Describemthemlimitations mof mintrospectionmas mammethod mf ormscientif ic minquiry.
1.4. Comparemand mcontrast mclassicalm(Watsonian)mbehaviorismmand mcognitivempsychology.
1.5. Kant’s m“transcendentalmmethod”mis msometimes mcalled m“inf erencemto mbest mexplanation.”mExplainmthis mmethod mand mh
owmitmworks.
1.6. Describemthemrole, minmthememergencemof mcognitivempsychology, mthat mwas mplayed mby mcomputermsciencemand mthemdev
elop-mment mof m“computermintelligence.”
MULTIPLE mCHOICE
1. Which mof mthemfollowingmtopicsmismNOT mcommonly mstudied mwithin mcognitivempsychology?
a. angermmanagement c. memory
b. decision mmaking d. Attention
ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsychology mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mUnderstanding
2. CognitivemprocessesmaremNOTmnecessary mformwhich mdaily mactivity?
a. readingma mnewspape c . talkingmon mthemphone
r
d . breathing
b. studyingmforma mtest
ANS: m D DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsycholog
y
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa mwantsmto mbema mpsychologist mbut mismunsuremwhich mtopicmwithin mpsychology mmost minterestsmher.mWhich m
of mthemfollowingmtopicsmwould mbemLEASTmlikely mto mlead mherminto mcognitivempsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lymemdisease
b. languagemacquisition d. problem-solvingmstrategies
,ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsychology mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mApplying
4. Considermthemsequencem“Betsy mwanted mtombringmJacob ma mpresent.mShemshook mhermpiggy mbank.”mMost mpeople,ma
ftermhearingmthismsequence,mbelievemBetsy mwasmcheckingmhermpiggy mbank mto mseemif mshemhad mmoney mtomspendmon mthemgift.mThisminfe
rencemabout mBetsy’smgoalsmdependsmon mthemfact mthat
a. ourmpreviousmknowledgemfillsmin mbackground minformation mwhenevermwe’remunderstandingman me
vent mormconversation.
b. readersmaremlikely mto mknowmsomeonemnamed mJacob.
c. English,munlikemothermlanguages,mrequiresmspeakersmto mmention mallmof mthempeopleminvolved mi
n man mevent.
d. themindividualmsentencesmaremshort.
ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
ThemBroad mRolemformMemory mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mUnderstanding
5. Which mof mthemfollowingmstatementsmismLEASTmlikely mto mapply mto mpatient mH.M.?
a. “Hemcannot mremembermwhat mhemdid mearliermtoday,mincludingmeventsmthat mtook mplacemjust man mhourmago.”
b. “Hemread mthismstory mlast mmonth,mbut mhemwasmstillmsurprised mby mhowmthemstory mturned mout.”
c. “Even mthough mhemhasmencountered mthemnursemmany mtimes,mhemismstillmunablemto mrecognizemher.”
d. “Hemremembered mthat mitmwasmonly ma mweek mago mthat mhe’d mheard mthemsad mnewsmthat mhismunclemhad mdied.”
ANS: m D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia mand mMemory mLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC: mApplying
6. Research mwith mH.M.mprovidesman millustration mformwhich mmajormthememof mthemchapter?
a. Introspection misman mimportant mresearch mtoolmformcognitivempsychologists.
b. Cognitivempsychology mcan mhelp musmunderstand ma mwidemrangemof mactivitiesmthat mdepend mon msome
one’smability mto mremember.
c. Memory mismnot mvery mimportant.
d. Themdisruption mcaused mby mbrain mdamagemdependsmon mhowmwidespread mthemdamagemis,mand mnotmo
n mthemspecificmsitesmthat maremdamaged.
ANS: m m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsycholog
y
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientsmsufferingmfrom mclinicalmamnesia maremcharacterized mby
a. memory mdysfunction. c. inarticulatem speech.
b. an minability mto mrecognizempattern d. impaired mlanguagemcomprehension.
s.
ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia mand mMemory mLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC: mRemembering
8. Themterm m“introspection” mrefersmto mthe
a. processmby mwhich monemindividualmseeksmto minfermthemthoughtsmof manothermindividual.
b. proceduremof mexaminingmthought mprocessingmby mmonitoringmthembrain’smelectricalmactivity.
, c. processmof meach mperson mlookingmwithin,mto mobservemhismormhermown mthoughtsmand mideas.
d. technique mof mstudyingmthought mby minterpretingmthemsymbolsmused min mcommunication.
ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mRemembering
9. Amparticipant mismasked mto mlook mwithin mhimself mormherself mand mreport mon mhismormhermown mmentalmprocesses.mThismmeth
od
ismcalled
a. logicalminference. c. introspection.
m
b. reconstruction. m d.
ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mRemembering
10. Of mthemfollowing,mintrospection mismLEASTmusefulmformstudying
a. topicsmthat maremstrongly mcolored mby memotion.
b. mentalmeventsmthat maremunconscious.
c. processesmthat minvolvemconceptualm knowledge.
d. eventsmthat mtakema mlongmtimemto munfold.
ANS: m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mUnderstanding
11. Which mof mthemfollowingmstatementsmabout mintrospection mismFALSE?
a. Itmismthemonly mway mto mobservemconsciousmeventsmdirectly.
b. Itmismsubjective.
c. Itmprovidesmstrongmevidencemformhypothesis-testing.
d. Itmwasma mtechnique mused mhistorically mto mstudy mcognition.
ANS: m C DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mUnderstanding
12. Geniemwondersmwhy mshemcan mnevermremembermthemnamesmof mnewmacquaintances.mIn msearch mofman manswer,mshemexa
minesmand mreflectsmon mhermfeelingsmabout mmeetingmnewmpeople.mGeniemismengaged min mwhich mprocess?
a. practicalmrehearsal c. learningmhistory manalysis
b. introspection d. goalmretrieval
ANS: m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mApplying
13. Introspection mwasmemployed masma mresearch mtoolmin mthemlatem1800smbecause
a. itmwasmregarded masmthemonly mway mto mobservemthemmind’smcontentsmdirectly.
b. itmprovided mdata mfrom mindividualsmwithout many mspecialized mtraining.
c. consciousmeventsmaremjust masmimportant masmunconsciousmevents.
