Disorders of Childhood
* Definition:
Disorders that emerge during childhood and significantly impact a child’s development,
emotions, behavior, and functioning.
* Categories:
1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders (e.g., ADHD)
2. Behavioral Disorders (e.g., Conduct Disorder)
3. Emotional Disorders (e.g., Anxiety, Depression)
4. Elimination Disorders (e.g., Enuresis, Encopresis)
5. Sleep Disorders (e.g., Sleepwalking)
6. Pervasive Developmental Disorders (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
* Definition:
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
* Symptoms:
* Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, easily distracted
* Hyperactivity: Fidgeting, inability to stay seated, excessive talking
* Impulsivity: Interrupting others, difficulty waiting, risk-taking behavior
* Causes:
Genetic, environmental factors, brain structure differences
* Treatment:
Behavioral therapy, medication (e.g., stimulants like methylphenidate), parent training
Conduct Disorder (CD)
* Definition:
A behavioral disorder characterized by persistent patterns of rule-breaking and aggressive
behavior.
* Symptoms:
* Aggression towards people and animals
* Destruction of property
* Deceitfulness or theft
* Serious rule violations
* Causes:
Genetic predisposition, family dysfunction, environmental stress
* Treatment:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, social skills training
, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
* Definition:
A behavioral disorder marked by a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior.
* Symptoms:
* Frequent temper tantrums
* Argumentative with authority figures
* Deliberately annoying others
* Blaming others for mistakes
* Causes:
Parental conflict, inconsistent discipline, genetic factors
* Treatment:
Parent management training, CBT, school-based interventions
Anxiety Disorders of Childhood
* Definition:
Excessive fear, worry, or nervousness that interferes with daily activities.
* Common Types:
1. Separation Anxiety Disorder
2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
3. Social Anxiety Disorder
* Symptoms:
* Physical complaints (e.g., headaches, stomachaches)
* Avoidance of feared situations
* Sleep disturbances
* Treatment:
CBT, exposure therapy, medication (e.g., SSRIs)
* Definition:
Disorders that emerge during childhood and significantly impact a child’s development,
emotions, behavior, and functioning.
* Categories:
1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders (e.g., ADHD)
2. Behavioral Disorders (e.g., Conduct Disorder)
3. Emotional Disorders (e.g., Anxiety, Depression)
4. Elimination Disorders (e.g., Enuresis, Encopresis)
5. Sleep Disorders (e.g., Sleepwalking)
6. Pervasive Developmental Disorders (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
* Definition:
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
* Symptoms:
* Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, easily distracted
* Hyperactivity: Fidgeting, inability to stay seated, excessive talking
* Impulsivity: Interrupting others, difficulty waiting, risk-taking behavior
* Causes:
Genetic, environmental factors, brain structure differences
* Treatment:
Behavioral therapy, medication (e.g., stimulants like methylphenidate), parent training
Conduct Disorder (CD)
* Definition:
A behavioral disorder characterized by persistent patterns of rule-breaking and aggressive
behavior.
* Symptoms:
* Aggression towards people and animals
* Destruction of property
* Deceitfulness or theft
* Serious rule violations
* Causes:
Genetic predisposition, family dysfunction, environmental stress
* Treatment:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, social skills training
, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
* Definition:
A behavioral disorder marked by a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior.
* Symptoms:
* Frequent temper tantrums
* Argumentative with authority figures
* Deliberately annoying others
* Blaming others for mistakes
* Causes:
Parental conflict, inconsistent discipline, genetic factors
* Treatment:
Parent management training, CBT, school-based interventions
Anxiety Disorders of Childhood
* Definition:
Excessive fear, worry, or nervousness that interferes with daily activities.
* Common Types:
1. Separation Anxiety Disorder
2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
3. Social Anxiety Disorder
* Symptoms:
* Physical complaints (e.g., headaches, stomachaches)
* Avoidance of feared situations
* Sleep disturbances
* Treatment:
CBT, exposure therapy, medication (e.g., SSRIs)
