CMN 568 Unit 1 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
diabetes - Answers Patients with _____ must undergo at least an annual examination for retinopathy,
even if they have no vision problems.
Newborn - Answers Visual Acuity:
- able to BRIEFLY visually track mother's face or brightly colored object within an hour after birth
(fixation reflex not developed for several weeks, so fixation is brief)
fix and follow of object. - Answers Visual Acuity:
Don't talk to baby when assessing vision - he may look toward sound rather than visual stimulus.
Look for __________
refer immediately - Answers - With any eye condition (infection, injury, etc.), check visual acuity to best
extent possible based on age
- foreign body or chemical injury is exception - IRRIGATE eye profusely first and worry about acuity later
-When there is decreased acuity -->____________
20/200 to 20/400 - Answers Vision is only about ________ in the newborn
5 years of age - Answers Typical visual acuity in developmentally appropriate child reaches level of 20/20
by _____ years of age
1-2 yrs - Answers Vision should be checked every ______
growth spurts - Answers Acuity changes occur quickly with _______________
myopia(near sighted) - Answers Boys may develop _________ later than girls due to differences in
growth patterns.
Typical onset - elementary school.
3-5 YEAR OLD - Answers Refer ________: If acuity if less than 20/40 in either eye, or if there is a
difference of 2 lines in acuity between eyes
,6 and older - Answers Refer _________: If acuity if less than 20/30 in either eye, or if there is a
difference of 2 lines in acuity between eyes
Retinoblastoma - Answers Most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, usually presenting before
age 3
Retinoblastoma - Answers Most common presenting sign is Leukocoria (white reflex inpupil).
May present with strabismus, red eye, or glaucoma
Retinoblastoma - Answers Always check red reflex (Bruckner test) in young children with an
ophthalmoscope
Retinoblastoma - Answers Positive Bruckner test: difference in the quality of the red reflex between eyes
REFER!!
Hirschberg test
Cover Test - Answers Assessing for malalignment (strabismus) of eyes:
Perform the _________: Check the corneal light reflex --> It should be in the same position in each eye.
Perform the _______: watch for movement of the eye after cover removed
4 months old - Answers Brief periods of malalignment are normal in NB.
Unless strabismus is very obvious and persistent, generally wait until child is ______ and then REFER all
cases of strabismus to an ophthalmologist.
Patching or surgery is used
Esotropia - Answers eye or eyes turn in (cross-eyed if bilateral)
Exotropia - Answers eye or eyes turn outward
,Hypotropia - Answers eye is depressed (downward)
Hypertropia - Answers eye is elevated
3 - 5 - Answers All kids age ______ must have vision checked at least once
Amblyopia (lazy eye) - Answers Poor vision in one eye.
Brain doesn't recognize sight from 1 eye and relies more on the stronger eye while vision in weaker eye
gets worse.
Amblyopia (lazy eye) - Answers This is caused by the brain trying to suppress the off-center image.
It can result in permanent blindness in the "unused" eye unless corrected early in life.
clarity - Answers In well baby check, look for _______ of cornea and red reflex
red reflex - Answers Presence of ______ does not mean NB baby can see, only that the eye itself is
intact.
Abnormal _________ - refer to ophthalmologist
Opthalmia neonatorum - Answers Conjunctivitis in first month of life.
(Gonococcal, Staph, Chlamydia, pneumococcal, Herpes simplex)
Opthalmia neonatorum - Answers Look for drainage, redness, swelling of lids/conjunctiva.
silver nitrate - Answers Prophylactic ________ (rarely used anymore, given just afterbirth) can cause
chemical conjunctivitis with excessive drainage.
Also is not effective against chlamydia
Erythromycin - Answers _________ ointment is most often used as prophylaxis after birthto prevent
opthalmia neonatorum
nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Answers Another common condition that causes drainage of eye in the
newborn
, - there is continuous tearing and a yellowish discharge and swelling.
nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Answers Have mother massage lacrimal sac 6 times a day.
dacryocystitis - Answers Nasolacrimal duct obstruction may lead to acute or chronic ___________, a
bacterial infection of the nasolacrimal sac.
dacryocystitis - Answers Presents as purulent discharge, swelling, & tenderness over lacrimal sac.
dacryocystitis - Answers Oral antibiotics used to treat mild infection (Augmentin)
Topical antibiotics are sometimes used as an adjunct
dacryocystitis - Answers If condition persists beyond age 8 mos or there is inflammation of lacrimal sac,
REFER immediately (with chronic, inform Mom what to watch for)
dacryocystitis - Answers IV antibiotics used to treat severe infection or if there is evidence of orbital
cellulitis (see picture below)
May need surgical probing to relieve chronic obstruction
REFER - Answers When there is inflammation & infection, it's called acute dacryocystitis -->
___________
viral conjunctivitis - Answers Type of conjunctivitis commonly known as "pink eye"
can occur in one or both eyes; appears as red, itchy, watery eyes
highly contagious
bacterial conjunctivitis - Answers A red eye with a sticky yellow or yellow/green discharge
eyelids may be stuck together upon waking
can affect one or both eyes
diabetes - Answers Patients with _____ must undergo at least an annual examination for retinopathy,
even if they have no vision problems.
Newborn - Answers Visual Acuity:
- able to BRIEFLY visually track mother's face or brightly colored object within an hour after birth
(fixation reflex not developed for several weeks, so fixation is brief)
fix and follow of object. - Answers Visual Acuity:
Don't talk to baby when assessing vision - he may look toward sound rather than visual stimulus.
Look for __________
refer immediately - Answers - With any eye condition (infection, injury, etc.), check visual acuity to best
extent possible based on age
- foreign body or chemical injury is exception - IRRIGATE eye profusely first and worry about acuity later
-When there is decreased acuity -->____________
20/200 to 20/400 - Answers Vision is only about ________ in the newborn
5 years of age - Answers Typical visual acuity in developmentally appropriate child reaches level of 20/20
by _____ years of age
1-2 yrs - Answers Vision should be checked every ______
growth spurts - Answers Acuity changes occur quickly with _______________
myopia(near sighted) - Answers Boys may develop _________ later than girls due to differences in
growth patterns.
Typical onset - elementary school.
3-5 YEAR OLD - Answers Refer ________: If acuity if less than 20/40 in either eye, or if there is a
difference of 2 lines in acuity between eyes
,6 and older - Answers Refer _________: If acuity if less than 20/30 in either eye, or if there is a
difference of 2 lines in acuity between eyes
Retinoblastoma - Answers Most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, usually presenting before
age 3
Retinoblastoma - Answers Most common presenting sign is Leukocoria (white reflex inpupil).
May present with strabismus, red eye, or glaucoma
Retinoblastoma - Answers Always check red reflex (Bruckner test) in young children with an
ophthalmoscope
Retinoblastoma - Answers Positive Bruckner test: difference in the quality of the red reflex between eyes
REFER!!
Hirschberg test
Cover Test - Answers Assessing for malalignment (strabismus) of eyes:
Perform the _________: Check the corneal light reflex --> It should be in the same position in each eye.
Perform the _______: watch for movement of the eye after cover removed
4 months old - Answers Brief periods of malalignment are normal in NB.
Unless strabismus is very obvious and persistent, generally wait until child is ______ and then REFER all
cases of strabismus to an ophthalmologist.
Patching or surgery is used
Esotropia - Answers eye or eyes turn in (cross-eyed if bilateral)
Exotropia - Answers eye or eyes turn outward
,Hypotropia - Answers eye is depressed (downward)
Hypertropia - Answers eye is elevated
3 - 5 - Answers All kids age ______ must have vision checked at least once
Amblyopia (lazy eye) - Answers Poor vision in one eye.
Brain doesn't recognize sight from 1 eye and relies more on the stronger eye while vision in weaker eye
gets worse.
Amblyopia (lazy eye) - Answers This is caused by the brain trying to suppress the off-center image.
It can result in permanent blindness in the "unused" eye unless corrected early in life.
clarity - Answers In well baby check, look for _______ of cornea and red reflex
red reflex - Answers Presence of ______ does not mean NB baby can see, only that the eye itself is
intact.
Abnormal _________ - refer to ophthalmologist
Opthalmia neonatorum - Answers Conjunctivitis in first month of life.
(Gonococcal, Staph, Chlamydia, pneumococcal, Herpes simplex)
Opthalmia neonatorum - Answers Look for drainage, redness, swelling of lids/conjunctiva.
silver nitrate - Answers Prophylactic ________ (rarely used anymore, given just afterbirth) can cause
chemical conjunctivitis with excessive drainage.
Also is not effective against chlamydia
Erythromycin - Answers _________ ointment is most often used as prophylaxis after birthto prevent
opthalmia neonatorum
nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Answers Another common condition that causes drainage of eye in the
newborn
, - there is continuous tearing and a yellowish discharge and swelling.
nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Answers Have mother massage lacrimal sac 6 times a day.
dacryocystitis - Answers Nasolacrimal duct obstruction may lead to acute or chronic ___________, a
bacterial infection of the nasolacrimal sac.
dacryocystitis - Answers Presents as purulent discharge, swelling, & tenderness over lacrimal sac.
dacryocystitis - Answers Oral antibiotics used to treat mild infection (Augmentin)
Topical antibiotics are sometimes used as an adjunct
dacryocystitis - Answers If condition persists beyond age 8 mos or there is inflammation of lacrimal sac,
REFER immediately (with chronic, inform Mom what to watch for)
dacryocystitis - Answers IV antibiotics used to treat severe infection or if there is evidence of orbital
cellulitis (see picture below)
May need surgical probing to relieve chronic obstruction
REFER - Answers When there is inflammation & infection, it's called acute dacryocystitis -->
___________
viral conjunctivitis - Answers Type of conjunctivitis commonly known as "pink eye"
can occur in one or both eyes; appears as red, itchy, watery eyes
highly contagious
bacterial conjunctivitis - Answers A red eye with a sticky yellow or yellow/green discharge
eyelids may be stuck together upon waking
can affect one or both eyes
