Chem 210 Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
SOPBAR - Answers-used to find degrees of unsaturation
((2C+2)-H-X+N)/2
.Resonance Rules - Answers--no breaking single bonds
-do not exceed octet
-keep net charge the same
-try to have full octets (most stable)
.Resonance Patterns - Answers-1. Lone pair e- next door to pi bond
2. Pi bond next to positive charge
3. Double bond btwn atoms of differing electronegativity (ex: carbonyl)
.Curved Arrows - Answers-show movement of pair of electrons
*start at lone pair or double bond*
.Hybridization - Answers-sp3= tetrahedral, four domains
sp2=trig planar, three domains (double bond counts only as 1)
.meth - Answers-1 C
.eth - Answers-2 C
.prop - Answers-3 C
.but - Answers-4 C
.pent - Answers-5 C
.hex - Answers-6 C
.hept - Answers-7 C
.oct - Answers-8 C
.non - Answers-9 C
.dec - Answers-10 C
.IUPAC Naming Rules - Answers-1.substituent-parent-suffix
, *suffix is highest priority substituent*
2. Numbers correspond with location on parent chain (longest continuous carbon chain)
3. List substituents alphabetically (tert, sec, di, tri do not count...)
4. Highest priority substituent gets lowest number C
5. Halogens are substituents (will not be suffix)
.propyl - Answers-
.isopropyl - Answers-
.butyl - Answers-4 C, attached on primary carbon
.sec-butyl - Answers-
.isobutyl - Answers-
.tert-butyl - Answers-
.phenyl/benzene ring - Answers-
.Newman Projections - Answers-staggered=more stable, less strain, lower E
eclipsed= less stable, more strain, higher E
.Staggered Newman Interactions - Answers-anti= 180 degrees btwn C groups
gauche= 60 degrees btwn C groups
*gauche interactions are less stable than anti*
.Ring stability - Answers-small rings are less stable because there is more strain (since
C are closer and at unideal angles)
.Chair Conformations - Answers-Axial: vertical up or down
Equatorial: diagonal up or down
** subs in equatorial are more stable compared to being axial**
wedge= up dash=down
.Chair Examples - Answers-
.E/Z nomenclature - Answers-E isomer = opposite sides
Z isomer = same side
Steps: determine subs with highest priority on each side of alkene
.Chirality - Answers--compound cannot be superimposed on mirror image
-chiral centers have all different connections, must be sp3 hybridized
.Chiral Center Example - Answers-
Complete Solutions
SOPBAR - Answers-used to find degrees of unsaturation
((2C+2)-H-X+N)/2
.Resonance Rules - Answers--no breaking single bonds
-do not exceed octet
-keep net charge the same
-try to have full octets (most stable)
.Resonance Patterns - Answers-1. Lone pair e- next door to pi bond
2. Pi bond next to positive charge
3. Double bond btwn atoms of differing electronegativity (ex: carbonyl)
.Curved Arrows - Answers-show movement of pair of electrons
*start at lone pair or double bond*
.Hybridization - Answers-sp3= tetrahedral, four domains
sp2=trig planar, three domains (double bond counts only as 1)
.meth - Answers-1 C
.eth - Answers-2 C
.prop - Answers-3 C
.but - Answers-4 C
.pent - Answers-5 C
.hex - Answers-6 C
.hept - Answers-7 C
.oct - Answers-8 C
.non - Answers-9 C
.dec - Answers-10 C
.IUPAC Naming Rules - Answers-1.substituent-parent-suffix
, *suffix is highest priority substituent*
2. Numbers correspond with location on parent chain (longest continuous carbon chain)
3. List substituents alphabetically (tert, sec, di, tri do not count...)
4. Highest priority substituent gets lowest number C
5. Halogens are substituents (will not be suffix)
.propyl - Answers-
.isopropyl - Answers-
.butyl - Answers-4 C, attached on primary carbon
.sec-butyl - Answers-
.isobutyl - Answers-
.tert-butyl - Answers-
.phenyl/benzene ring - Answers-
.Newman Projections - Answers-staggered=more stable, less strain, lower E
eclipsed= less stable, more strain, higher E
.Staggered Newman Interactions - Answers-anti= 180 degrees btwn C groups
gauche= 60 degrees btwn C groups
*gauche interactions are less stable than anti*
.Ring stability - Answers-small rings are less stable because there is more strain (since
C are closer and at unideal angles)
.Chair Conformations - Answers-Axial: vertical up or down
Equatorial: diagonal up or down
** subs in equatorial are more stable compared to being axial**
wedge= up dash=down
.Chair Examples - Answers-
.E/Z nomenclature - Answers-E isomer = opposite sides
Z isomer = same side
Steps: determine subs with highest priority on each side of alkene
.Chirality - Answers--compound cannot be superimposed on mirror image
-chiral centers have all different connections, must be sp3 hybridized
.Chiral Center Example - Answers-
