TEST BANK for Microbiology Fundamentals-A Clinical Approach, 4th Edition by Cowan and Smith, All Chapters 1-22, Complete

Test Bank For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd
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Edition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L Slon
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czewski
Whatbisbthebconceptbofbspontaneousbgeneration?b-
bANSWERbbblivingborganismsbcouldbdevelopbfrombnonlivingborbdecomposingbmatter




Whobchallengedbthebconceptbofbspontaneousbgenerationbbybshowingbthatbmaggotsbonb
decayingbmeatbcamebfrombflies,bnotbfrombthebmeatbitself?b-bANSWERbbbFrancescobRedi

Whobshowedbthatbmuttonbbrothbboiledbinbflasksbandbthenbsealedbcouldbstillbdevelopbmicr
oorganisms,bwhichbsupportedbthebtheorybofbspontaneousbgeneration?b-
bANSWERbbbJohnbNeedham




Whobshowedbthatbflasksbsealedbandbthenbboiledbhadbnobgrowthbofbmicroorganisms?b-
bANSWERbbbLazzarobSpallanzani




Whobproposedbthatbairbcarriedbgerms?b-bANSWERbbbSpallanzani

Whobdisprovedbthebtheorybofbspontaneousbgeneration?b-bANSWERbbbLouisbPasteur

Whobdemonstratedbthatbdustbcarriedbmicrobesbandbprovedbevidencebforbthebexistenceb
ofbheat-bresistantbformsbofbbacteria?b-bANSWERbbbJohnbTyndall

Whobshowedbthatbabsilkwormbdiseasebwasbcausedbbybabfungus?b-
bANSWERbbbAgostinobBassi




WhobdemonstratedbthatbthebGreatbPotatobBlightbwasbcausedbbybabwaterbmold?b-
bANSWERbbbM.bJ.bBerkely




Whobshowedbthatbthebpebrinebdiseasebofbsilkwormsbwasbcausedbbybabprotozoanbparasi
te?b-bANSWERbbbLouisbPasteur

Whobdevelopedbabsystembofbsurgerybdesignedbtobpreventbmicroorganismsbfrombenterin
gbwounds?b-bANSWERbbbJohnbLister

Whobtransformedbthebpracticebofbsurgery?b-bANSWERbbbJohnbLister

WhobestablishedbthebrelationshipbbetweenbBacillusbanthracisbandbanthrax?b-
bANSWERbbbRobertbKoch




WhatbarebthebKochbPostulates?b-
bANSWERbbb1.Thebmicroorganismsbmustbbebpresentbinbeverybcasebofbthebdiseasebbutba

bsentbfrombhealthybindividualsb
2.Thebsuspectedbmicroorganismsbmustbbebisolatedbandbgrownbinbpurebcultureb

,3.bThebsamebdiseasebmustbresultbwhenbthebisolatedbmicroorganismbisbinoculatedbintobab
healthybhostb
4.bThebsamebmicroorganismbmustbbebisolatedbagainbfrombthebdiseasedbhost

LimitationsbofbKoch'sbPostulatesb-bANSWERbbb-
Someborganismsbcannotbbebgrownbinbpurebculture
-Usingbhumansbinbcompletingbthebpostulatesbisbunethical
-Molecularbandbgeneticbevidencebmaybreplace

WhatbvaccinationbdidbEdwardbJennerbmake?b-bANSWERbbbsmallpoxbvaccination

WhatbvaccinationsbdidbPasteurbproduce?b-
bANSWERbbbchickenbcholera,brabiesbandbanthrax




Whobinducedbformationbofbdippedbtoxin-antitoxinsbrabbitsb-
bANSWERbbbEmilbvonbBehringbandbShibasaburobKitasato




Whobshowedbthatbthebsilkwormbdiseasebwasbcausedbbybfungus?b-bANSWERbbbBassi

WhobdemonstratedbthatbthebGreatbPotatobBlightbofbIrelandbwasbcausedbbybabwaterbmold
?b-bANSWERbbbM.J.bBerkeley

Whobshowedbthatbthebperbrinebdiseasebofbsilkwormsbwasbcausedbbybabprotozoanbparas
ite?b-bANSWERbbbLouisbPasteur

Absimplebmorphologybandblackbabtruebmembrane-delimitedbnucleusb-
bANSWERbbbprokaryotes




Whatbisbabmorphologicallybcomplexbandbhasbabmembrane-enclosedbnucleus?b-
bANSWERbbbEucaryotes




Whatbletbtobthebdiscoverybofbvirusesbasbdiseasebcausingbagents?b-
bANSWERbbbbacterialbfilterbthatbremovedbbacteriabandblargerbmicrobesb(CharlesbChamb

erland)

Thebfivebkingdombclassificationbschemebisb-
bANSWERbbbthebMoneraborbProcaryotae,bProtista,bFungi,bAnimalia,bandbPlantae




Whatbarebribozymes?b-
bANSWERbbbRNAbmoleculesbthatbformbpeptidebbondsbandbperformbcellularbworkbandbre

plication

Thebthreebdomainbschemebisb-bANSWERbbbBacteria,bArchaea,bandbEucarya

Thebthreebdomainbschemebisbbasedbon?b-
bANSWERbbbabcomparaisonbofbribosomalbRNA




Thebearliestbcellsbmaybhavebbeenb-bANSWERbbbRNAbsurroundedbbybliposomes

Whatbarebthebthreebbacterialbmorphology?b-bANSWERbbb-bacillusb(littlebrod)

,-coccusb(grainborbberry)
-spirillumb(coiledborbhelical)

Whatbarebthebtypesbofblightbmicroscopes?b-bANSWERbbb-bright-fieldbmicroscope
-dark-fieldbmicroscope
-phase-contrastbmicroscope
-fluorescencebmicroscopes

Whatbisbabmeasurebofbhowbgreatlybabsubstancebslowsbthebvelocitybofblight?b-
bANSWERbbbRefractivebindex




Thebdirectionbandbmagnitudebofbbendingblightbinbabmicroscopebisbdeterminedbbybtheb___
__b-bANSWERbbbrefractivebindexesbofbthebtwobmediabformingbthebinterface

Whichbmicroscopebproducesbabdarkbimagebagainstbabbrighterbbackground?b-
bANSWERbbbthebbright-fieldbmicroscope




Whatbisbthebproductbofbthebmagnificationsbofbthebocularblensbandbthebobjectiveblens?b-
bANSWERbbbthebtotalbmagnification




Whatbisbthebtotalbmagnificationbofbthebbrightbfield,bdarkbfield,bandbphase-
contrastbmicroscopes?b-bANSWERbbb2000x

Whatbisbthebtotalbresolutionbofbthebbrightbfield,bdarkbfield,bandbphasebcontrastbmicroscop
es?b-bANSWERbbb0.2um

Whatbisbthebpurposebofbthebbrightbfieldbmicroscope?b-
bANSWERbbbforblivebandbpreservedbstainedbspecimens




Whatbisbthebpurposebofbthebdarkbfieldbmicroscope?b-
bANSWERbbbtobobservebliving,bunstainedbpreparations




Whichbmicroscopesbarebgoodbforbobservingblivingbcells?b-bANSWERbbb-
ThebDifferentialbInterferencebContrastbMicroscope
-Phase-contrastbmicroscope

Whichbmicroscopebenhancesbthebcontrastbbetweenbintracellularbstructuresbhavingbsligh
tbdifferencesbinbthebrefractivebindex?b-bANSWERbbbphase-contrastbmicroscope

Whichbmicroscopebshowsbabbrightbimagebofbthebobjectbresultingbfrombthebfluorescentblig
htbemittedbbybthebspecimen?b-bANSWERbbbthebfluorescencebmicroscope

Thebfluorescencebmicroscopebexposesbthebspecimenbtobwhatbtypesbofblight?b-
bANSWERbbbuv,bviolet,borbblue




Thebdistancebbetweenbthebcenterbofbtheblensbandbfocalbpoint?b-bANSWERbbbfocalblength

Thebshorterbthebfocalbpoint,btheb______bthebmagnificationb-bANSWERbbbgreater

Thebshorterbthebwavelength,btheb______bthebresolutionb-bANSWERbbbgreater

, Thebdistancebbetweenbthebfrontbsurfacebofblensbandbsurfacebofbcoverbglassbonbspecime
nb-bANSWERbbbWorkingbdistance

Asbthebworkingbdistancebdecrease,bthebfieldbofbviewb_____b-bANSWERbbbdecrease

Asbthebfieldbofbviewbdecrease,btheblightbgetsb____b-bANSWERbbbdimmer

Whatbisbthebpurposebofbaddingbthebimmersionboil?b-
bANSWERbbbtobobtainbmoreblightbbybprovidingbthebsamebrefractionbenergybasbglass




Asbthebmagnificationbincreases,bwhatbhappensbtobthebfocalblength?b-
bANSWERbbbitbdecrease




Whatbisbthebchargebofbabbacteriabcellbsurface?b-bANSWERbbbnegativebcharge

Whatbisbthebchargebofbbasicbdyes?b-bANSWERbbbpositivebcharge

Whatbisbthebchargebofbacidbdyes?b-bANSWERbbbnegativebcharge

Abthin,buniformbfilmbofbbacterialbgrowthbonbabglassbslidebinborderbtobproceedbwithbfurtherb
stainingbforbmicroscopicbexaminationb-bANSWERbbbsmear

Thebprocessbbybwhichborganismbisbkilledbandbfirmlybattachedbtobmicroscopebslideb-
bANSWERbbbfixation




Heatbfixationbvs.bChemicalbfixingb(notbthebprocedure)b-bANSWERbbb-
heatbfixationbpreservesboverallbshapebbutbnotbinternalbstructures
-
chemicalbfixingbprotectsbfinebcellularbstructurebandbshapebofblarger,bmorebdelicateborga
nisms

Whatbinformationbdoesbdifferentialbstainingbprovide?b-
bANSWERbbbdividesbmicroorganismsbintobgroupsbbasedbonbtheirbstainingbproperties




Whatbisbthebmostbwidelybusedbdifferentialbstainingbprocedure?b-
bANSWERbbbgrambstaining




Negativebstainingb-bANSWERbbbthebbacteriabisbnotbstained;bthebbackgroundbisbstained

Whatbisbshadowingbinbelectronbmicroscopy?b-
bANSWERbbbcoatingbspecimenbwithbabthinbfilmbof bheavybmetal




WhatbisbthebtotalbmagnificationbofbthebTransmissionbElectronbMicroscopebandbthebScan
ningbElectronbMicroscope?b-bANSWERbbb1,000,000x

WhatbisbthebtotalbmagnificationbofbthebScanningbElectronbMicroscope?b-
bANSWERbbb1,000,000x