Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
d d d
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
d d d d d d
MULTIPLEdCHOICE
1. Adstudentdisdobservingdadcelldunderdthedmicroscope.dItdisdobserveddtodhavedsupercoileddDNAd
withdhistones.dWhichdofdthedfollowingdwoulddalsodbedobserveddbydthedstudent?
a. Adsingledcirculardchromosome
b. Adnucleus
c. Free-floatingdnucleardmaterial
d. Nodorganelles
ANS:d B
Thedcellddescribeddisdadeukaryoticdcell,dsoditdhasdhistonesdanddadsupercoileddDNAdwithinditsdnucl
eus;dthus,dthednucleusdshoulddbedobserved.dAdsingledcirculardchromosomedcalleddadprokaryotedc
ontainsdfree-floatingdnucleardmaterialdbutdhasdnodorganelles.
REF:d p.d2
2. Adnursedisdinstructingdthedstaffdaboutdcellulardfunctions.dWhichdcellulardfunctiondisdthednursedd
escribingdwhendandisolateddcelldabsorbsdoxygendanddusesditdtodtransformdnutrientsdtodenergy?
a. Metabolicdabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:d D
Thedcell’sdabilitydtodabsorbdoxygendisdreferreddtodasdrespirationdwhileditsdcommunicationdabilitydinvol
vesdmaintenancedofdadsteadyddynamicdstate,dmetabolicdabsorptiondprovidesdnutrition,danddsecretionda
llowsdfordthedsynthesizingdofdnewdsubstances.
REF:d p.d2
3. AdeukaryoticdcelldisdundergoingdDNAdreplication.dIndwhichdregiondofdthedcelldwoulddmostdofdt
hedgeneticdinformationdbedcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusdCytoplasm
ANS:d C
Thedregiondofdthedcelldthatdcontainsdgeneticdmaterial,dincludingdadlargedamountdofdribonucleicdaci
d,dmostdofdthedDNA,danddDNA-
bindingdproteins,disdthednucleolus,dwhichdisdlocateddwithindthedcell’sdnucleus.dMitochondriadisda
ssociateddwithdcellulardrespiration,dwhiledribosomesdaredinvolveddwithdproteindmanufacturing.d
Cytoplasmdisdadfluiddfillingdthatdisdadcomponentdofdthedcell.
REF:d p.d2
,4. Whichdofdthedfollowingdcandremovedproteinsdattacheddtodthedcell’sdbilayerdbyddissolvingdthedl
ayerditself?
a. Peripheraldmembranedproteins
b. Integraldmembranedproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celldadhesiondmolecules
ANS:d B
Proteinsddirectlydattacheddtodthedmembranedbilayerdcandbedremoveddbydthedactiondofdintegraldme
mbranedproteinsdthatddissolvedthedbilayer.dPeripheraldmembranedproteinsdresidedatdthedsurfacedw
hiledcelldadhesiondmoleculesdaredondthedoutsidedofdthedmembrane.dGlycoproteindmarksdcellsdand
ddoesdnotdfloat.
REF:d p.d7
5. Whichdofdthedfollowingdcandbinddtodplasmadmembranedreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicdlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:d D
Ligandsdaredthedonlydspecificdmoleculesdthatdcandbinddwithdreceptorsdondthedcelldmembrane.
REF:d p.d9
6. Adnursedisdreviewingdadreportdfromdadpatientdwithdmetastaticdcancer.dWhatdalternationdindthede
xtracellulardmatrixdwouldds uNp p oRr t dt hIe ddG
iagnBo.
siC
sdofM
metastaticdcancer?
a. Decreaseddfibronectin
U dSdNdT
b. Increaseddcollagen
c. Decreaseddelastin
d. Increaseddglycoproteins
ANS:d A
Onlydadreduceddamountdofdfibronectindisdfounddindsomedtypesdofdcancerousdcells,dallowingdthemd
todtraveldordmetastasize.
REF:d p.d10
7. Whichdformdofdcelldcommunicationdisduseddtodrelatedtodotherdcellsdinddirectdphysicaldcontact?
a. Celldjunction
b. Gapdjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightdjunction
ANS:d A
Celldjunctionsdholddcellsdtogetherdanddpermitdmoleculesdtodpassdfromdcelldtodcell.
Gapdjunctionsdallowdfordcellulardcommunicationdbetweendcells.dNeitherddesmosomesdnordtightdjuncti
onsdaredassociateddwithdcellulardcommunication.
REF:d p.d11
,8. Pancreaticdbetadcellsdsecretedinsulin,dwhichdinhibitsdsecretiondofdglucagondfromdneighboringd
alphadcells.dThisdactiondisdandexampledofdwhichdofdthedfollowingdsignalingdtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:d A
Paracrinedsignalingdinvolvesdthedreleasedofdlocaldchemicaldmediatorsdthatdaredquicklydtakendup,dd
estroyed,dordimmobilized,dasdindthedcasedofdinsulindanddthedinhibitiondofdthedsecretiondofdglucago
n.dNonedofdthedotherdoptionsdinvolvedsignalingdthatdisdassociateddwithdadlocaldchemicaldmediatord
likedinsulin.
REF:d p.d12
9. Indcellulardmetabolism,deachdenzymedhasdadhighdaffinitydforda:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:d B
Eachdenzymedhasdadhighdaffinitydfordadsubstrate,dadspecificdsubstancedconverteddtodadproductdofdt
hedreaction.dCellulardmetabolismdisdnotddependentdondandattractiondbetweendandenzymedanddany
dofdthedremainingdoptions.
REF:d d p.d16
, Andathletedrunsdadmarathon,dafterdwhichdhisdmusclesdfeeldfatigueddan
ddunabledtodcontract.dThedathletedasksdthednursedwhydthisdhappened.dTh
ednurse’sdresponsedisdbaseddondthedknowledgedthatdthedproblemdisdresul
tdofdaddeficiencydof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:d C
WhendATPdisddeficient,dimpaireddmuscledcontractiondresults.dNonedofdthedotherdoptionsdaredinvo
lveddindmuscledcontraction.
REF:d p.d16
10. WhichdphasedofdcatabolismdproducesdthedmostdATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricdaciddcycle
ANS:d D
WhiledsomedATPdisdproduceddduringdthedoxidationdanddglycolysisdphases,dmostdofdthedATPdisdgenera
teddduringdthedcitricdaciddcycle.dDigestionddoesdnotdproducedanydATP.
d d d
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
d d d d d d
MULTIPLEdCHOICE
1. Adstudentdisdobservingdadcelldunderdthedmicroscope.dItdisdobserveddtodhavedsupercoileddDNAd
withdhistones.dWhichdofdthedfollowingdwoulddalsodbedobserveddbydthedstudent?
a. Adsingledcirculardchromosome
b. Adnucleus
c. Free-floatingdnucleardmaterial
d. Nodorganelles
ANS:d B
Thedcellddescribeddisdadeukaryoticdcell,dsoditdhasdhistonesdanddadsupercoileddDNAdwithinditsdnucl
eus;dthus,dthednucleusdshoulddbedobserved.dAdsingledcirculardchromosomedcalleddadprokaryotedc
ontainsdfree-floatingdnucleardmaterialdbutdhasdnodorganelles.
REF:d p.d2
2. Adnursedisdinstructingdthedstaffdaboutdcellulardfunctions.dWhichdcellulardfunctiondisdthednursedd
escribingdwhendandisolateddcelldabsorbsdoxygendanddusesditdtodtransformdnutrientsdtodenergy?
a. Metabolicdabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:d D
Thedcell’sdabilitydtodabsorbdoxygendisdreferreddtodasdrespirationdwhileditsdcommunicationdabilitydinvol
vesdmaintenancedofdadsteadyddynamicdstate,dmetabolicdabsorptiondprovidesdnutrition,danddsecretionda
llowsdfordthedsynthesizingdofdnewdsubstances.
REF:d p.d2
3. AdeukaryoticdcelldisdundergoingdDNAdreplication.dIndwhichdregiondofdthedcelldwoulddmostdofdt
hedgeneticdinformationdbedcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusdCytoplasm
ANS:d C
Thedregiondofdthedcelldthatdcontainsdgeneticdmaterial,dincludingdadlargedamountdofdribonucleicdaci
d,dmostdofdthedDNA,danddDNA-
bindingdproteins,disdthednucleolus,dwhichdisdlocateddwithindthedcell’sdnucleus.dMitochondriadisda
ssociateddwithdcellulardrespiration,dwhiledribosomesdaredinvolveddwithdproteindmanufacturing.d
Cytoplasmdisdadfluiddfillingdthatdisdadcomponentdofdthedcell.
REF:d p.d2
,4. Whichdofdthedfollowingdcandremovedproteinsdattacheddtodthedcell’sdbilayerdbyddissolvingdthedl
ayerditself?
a. Peripheraldmembranedproteins
b. Integraldmembranedproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celldadhesiondmolecules
ANS:d B
Proteinsddirectlydattacheddtodthedmembranedbilayerdcandbedremoveddbydthedactiondofdintegraldme
mbranedproteinsdthatddissolvedthedbilayer.dPeripheraldmembranedproteinsdresidedatdthedsurfacedw
hiledcelldadhesiondmoleculesdaredondthedoutsidedofdthedmembrane.dGlycoproteindmarksdcellsdand
ddoesdnotdfloat.
REF:d p.d7
5. Whichdofdthedfollowingdcandbinddtodplasmadmembranedreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicdlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:d D
Ligandsdaredthedonlydspecificdmoleculesdthatdcandbinddwithdreceptorsdondthedcelldmembrane.
REF:d p.d9
6. Adnursedisdreviewingdadreportdfromdadpatientdwithdmetastaticdcancer.dWhatdalternationdindthede
xtracellulardmatrixdwouldds uNp p oRr t dt hIe ddG
iagnBo.
siC
sdofM
metastaticdcancer?
a. Decreaseddfibronectin
U dSdNdT
b. Increaseddcollagen
c. Decreaseddelastin
d. Increaseddglycoproteins
ANS:d A
Onlydadreduceddamountdofdfibronectindisdfounddindsomedtypesdofdcancerousdcells,dallowingdthemd
todtraveldordmetastasize.
REF:d p.d10
7. Whichdformdofdcelldcommunicationdisduseddtodrelatedtodotherdcellsdinddirectdphysicaldcontact?
a. Celldjunction
b. Gapdjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightdjunction
ANS:d A
Celldjunctionsdholddcellsdtogetherdanddpermitdmoleculesdtodpassdfromdcelldtodcell.
Gapdjunctionsdallowdfordcellulardcommunicationdbetweendcells.dNeitherddesmosomesdnordtightdjuncti
onsdaredassociateddwithdcellulardcommunication.
REF:d p.d11
,8. Pancreaticdbetadcellsdsecretedinsulin,dwhichdinhibitsdsecretiondofdglucagondfromdneighboringd
alphadcells.dThisdactiondisdandexampledofdwhichdofdthedfollowingdsignalingdtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:d A
Paracrinedsignalingdinvolvesdthedreleasedofdlocaldchemicaldmediatorsdthatdaredquicklydtakendup,dd
estroyed,dordimmobilized,dasdindthedcasedofdinsulindanddthedinhibitiondofdthedsecretiondofdglucago
n.dNonedofdthedotherdoptionsdinvolvedsignalingdthatdisdassociateddwithdadlocaldchemicaldmediatord
likedinsulin.
REF:d p.d12
9. Indcellulardmetabolism,deachdenzymedhasdadhighdaffinitydforda:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:d B
Eachdenzymedhasdadhighdaffinitydfordadsubstrate,dadspecificdsubstancedconverteddtodadproductdofdt
hedreaction.dCellulardmetabolismdisdnotddependentdondandattractiondbetweendandenzymedanddany
dofdthedremainingdoptions.
REF:d d p.d16
, Andathletedrunsdadmarathon,dafterdwhichdhisdmusclesdfeeldfatigueddan
ddunabledtodcontract.dThedathletedasksdthednursedwhydthisdhappened.dTh
ednurse’sdresponsedisdbaseddondthedknowledgedthatdthedproblemdisdresul
tdofdaddeficiencydof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:d C
WhendATPdisddeficient,dimpaireddmuscledcontractiondresults.dNonedofdthedotherdoptionsdaredinvo
lveddindmuscledcontraction.
REF:d p.d16
10. WhichdphasedofdcatabolismdproducesdthedmostdATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricdaciddcycle
ANS:d D
WhiledsomedATPdisdproduceddduringdthedoxidationdanddglycolysisdphases,dmostdofdthedATPdisdgenera
teddduringdthedcitricdaciddcycle.dDigestionddoesdnotdproducedanydATP.
