Chapter 01 10e
m m
1) Thismchaptermbeginsmwithmamcommonlymheard mopinion:m"Peoplemaremprettymmuchmthemsa
memallmovermthemworld."mWhymismthismassumptionmoftenmwrong?mHow mmight myourmconsiderationm
of mthismunderstandingmaffect mhowmyoumwould mdesignmanmanthropologicalmstudy?
2) What mismculture?mHow mdomanthropologistsmdefinemand mstudymculture?
3) What mdoesmholismmrefermto?mWhymismthemconcept mcentralmtomanthropology?mHow mdoesmt
hismconcept mrelatemtomthem"four-
field"mapproachmwithinmthemdiscipline?mHavemyoumencountered mthismconcept minmanymof myourmoth
ermclasses?
4) Thismchaptermprovidesmanmexamplemof mhumanmadaptationmtomhighmaltitudemtomillustratemt
hemvariousmformsmof mculturalmand mbiologicalmadaptation.mCanmyoumthinkmof manothermexamplemt
hat millustratesmthembroad mcapacitymof mhumansmtomadapt mbothmbiologicallymand mculturally?
1
,5) Tomwhat mdoesmbioculturalmperspectivemrefer?mIf myoumaremplanningmtommajorminmthembiologi
calmsciencesmormplanningmamcareer masmam medicalmdoctormormclinicalm researcher,mhow mmight mammino
rminmanthropologymcomplement myourmeducation?mIf myoumaremthinkingmof mmajoringmin mthemhumanit
ies,mhow mmight mamminorminmanthropologymcomplement myourmeducation?
6) Thismchaptermconsidersmdifferencesmand msimilaritiesmbetweenmanthropologymand moth
ermacademicmfieldsmsuchmasmsociology.mWhat mabout mhistory?
7) Anthropologymismthemstudymof
A) thempsychologicalmstagesmof mhumanmdevelopment.
B) mythsminmindustrialmsocieties.
C) themevolutionmof mreligion.
D) long-termmpsychologicalmadaptation.
E) humansmaround mthemworld mand mthroughmtime.
2
,8) Anthropologymasmamholisticmsciencemrefersmtomthemstudymof mthemwholemof mthemhum
anmcondition:mthempast,mthempresent,mand mthemfuturemof blank.
A) math,mphysics,mand mastronomy
B) faithmand mreligionmacrossmthemworld
C) biology,msociety,mlanguage,mand mculture
D) geographymand mcartography
E) ancient mcivilizationsmand marchaeologicalmremains
9) Asmhumansmorganizemtheirmlivesmand madapt mtomdifferent menvironments,mourmabilitiesmtomlea
rn,mthinkmsymbolically,musemlanguage,mand memploy mtoolsmand mothermproducts
A) aremshared mwithmothermanimalsmcapablemof morganized mgroupmlife—
suchmasmbaboons,mwolves,mand mevenmants.
B) rest monmcertainmfeaturesmof mhumanmbiologymthat mmakemculturemitself mambiologic
almphenomenon.
C) rest monmcertainmfeaturesmof mhumanmbiologymthat mmakemculture,mwhichmismnot mits
elf mbiological,mpossible.
D) provemthat monlymfullymdeveloped madultsmhavemthemcapacitymformculture;mchildrenmlackmt
hemcapacitymformculturemuntilmtheymmature.
E) havemmademsomemhumanmgroupsmmoremcultured mthanmothers.
10) Whichmof mthemfollowingmstatementsmabout mculturemismfalse?
A) Culturemismpassed monmgeneticallymtomfuturemgenerations.
B) Culturemguidesmthembeliefsmand mbehaviormof mthempeoplemexposed mtomit.
C) Culturalmforcesmconsistentlymmold mand mshapemhumanmbiologymand mbehavior.
D) Culturemismamkeymaspect mof mhumanmadaptabilitymand msuccess.
E) Culturemismpassed monmfrommgenerationmtomgeneration.
3
, 11) What mismthemprocessmbymwhichmchildrenmlearnmamparticularmculturalmtradition?
A) biologicalmadaptation
B) ethnology
C) enculturation
D) ethnography
E) acculturation
12) Thismchapter'smdescriptionmof mhowmhumansmcopemwithmlowmoxygenmpressureminmhi
ghmaltitudesmillustrates
A) how minmmattersmof mlifemormdeath,mbiologymismultimatelymmoremimportant mthanmculture.
B) how mhumanmplasticitymhasmdecreased mevermsincemwemembraced mamsedentarymlifesty
lemsomem10,000myearsmago.
C) how mbiologicalmadaptationsmaremeffectivemonlymwhenmtheymaremgenetic.
D) humanmcapacitiesmformculturalmand mbiologicalmadaptation,mthemlatterminvolvingmbo
thmgeneticmand mphysiologicalmadaptations.
E) themneed mformanthropologistsmtompaymmoremattentionmtomhumanmadaptationminmextre
memenvironments.
13) Thempresencemof mmoremefficient mrespiratorymsystemsmtomextract moxygenmfrommthemairmamo
ngmhumanmpopulationsmlivingmat mhighmelevationsmismanmexamplemof mwhichmform mof madaptation?
A) short-termmphysiologicalmadaptation
B) long-termmphysiologicalmadaptation
C) culturalmadaptation
D) symbolicmadaptation
E) geneticmadaptation
4
m m
1) Thismchaptermbeginsmwithmamcommonlymheard mopinion:m"Peoplemaremprettymmuchmthemsa
memallmovermthemworld."mWhymismthismassumptionmoftenmwrong?mHow mmight myourmconsiderationm
of mthismunderstandingmaffect mhowmyoumwould mdesignmanmanthropologicalmstudy?
2) What mismculture?mHow mdomanthropologistsmdefinemand mstudymculture?
3) What mdoesmholismmrefermto?mWhymismthemconcept mcentralmtomanthropology?mHow mdoesmt
hismconcept mrelatemtomthem"four-
field"mapproachmwithinmthemdiscipline?mHavemyoumencountered mthismconcept minmanymof myourmoth
ermclasses?
4) Thismchaptermprovidesmanmexamplemof mhumanmadaptationmtomhighmaltitudemtomillustratemt
hemvariousmformsmof mculturalmand mbiologicalmadaptation.mCanmyoumthinkmof manothermexamplemt
hat millustratesmthembroad mcapacitymof mhumansmtomadapt mbothmbiologicallymand mculturally?
1
,5) Tomwhat mdoesmbioculturalmperspectivemrefer?mIf myoumaremplanningmtommajorminmthembiologi
calmsciencesmormplanningmamcareer masmam medicalmdoctormormclinicalm researcher,mhow mmight mammino
rminmanthropologymcomplement myourmeducation?mIf myoumaremthinkingmof mmajoringmin mthemhumanit
ies,mhow mmight mamminorminmanthropologymcomplement myourmeducation?
6) Thismchaptermconsidersmdifferencesmand msimilaritiesmbetweenmanthropologymand moth
ermacademicmfieldsmsuchmasmsociology.mWhat mabout mhistory?
7) Anthropologymismthemstudymof
A) thempsychologicalmstagesmof mhumanmdevelopment.
B) mythsminmindustrialmsocieties.
C) themevolutionmof mreligion.
D) long-termmpsychologicalmadaptation.
E) humansmaround mthemworld mand mthroughmtime.
2
,8) Anthropologymasmamholisticmsciencemrefersmtomthemstudymof mthemwholemof mthemhum
anmcondition:mthempast,mthempresent,mand mthemfuturemof blank.
A) math,mphysics,mand mastronomy
B) faithmand mreligionmacrossmthemworld
C) biology,msociety,mlanguage,mand mculture
D) geographymand mcartography
E) ancient mcivilizationsmand marchaeologicalmremains
9) Asmhumansmorganizemtheirmlivesmand madapt mtomdifferent menvironments,mourmabilitiesmtomlea
rn,mthinkmsymbolically,musemlanguage,mand memploy mtoolsmand mothermproducts
A) aremshared mwithmothermanimalsmcapablemof morganized mgroupmlife—
suchmasmbaboons,mwolves,mand mevenmants.
B) rest monmcertainmfeaturesmof mhumanmbiologymthat mmakemculturemitself mambiologic
almphenomenon.
C) rest monmcertainmfeaturesmof mhumanmbiologymthat mmakemculture,mwhichmismnot mits
elf mbiological,mpossible.
D) provemthat monlymfullymdeveloped madultsmhavemthemcapacitymformculture;mchildrenmlackmt
hemcapacitymformculturemuntilmtheymmature.
E) havemmademsomemhumanmgroupsmmoremcultured mthanmothers.
10) Whichmof mthemfollowingmstatementsmabout mculturemismfalse?
A) Culturemismpassed monmgeneticallymtomfuturemgenerations.
B) Culturemguidesmthembeliefsmand mbehaviormof mthempeoplemexposed mtomit.
C) Culturalmforcesmconsistentlymmold mand mshapemhumanmbiologymand mbehavior.
D) Culturemismamkeymaspect mof mhumanmadaptabilitymand msuccess.
E) Culturemismpassed monmfrommgenerationmtomgeneration.
3
, 11) What mismthemprocessmbymwhichmchildrenmlearnmamparticularmculturalmtradition?
A) biologicalmadaptation
B) ethnology
C) enculturation
D) ethnography
E) acculturation
12) Thismchapter'smdescriptionmof mhowmhumansmcopemwithmlowmoxygenmpressureminmhi
ghmaltitudesmillustrates
A) how minmmattersmof mlifemormdeath,mbiologymismultimatelymmoremimportant mthanmculture.
B) how mhumanmplasticitymhasmdecreased mevermsincemwemembraced mamsedentarymlifesty
lemsomem10,000myearsmago.
C) how mbiologicalmadaptationsmaremeffectivemonlymwhenmtheymaremgenetic.
D) humanmcapacitiesmformculturalmand mbiologicalmadaptation,mthemlatterminvolvingmbo
thmgeneticmand mphysiologicalmadaptations.
E) themneed mformanthropologistsmtompaymmoremattentionmtomhumanmadaptationminmextre
memenvironments.
13) Thempresencemof mmoremefficient mrespiratorymsystemsmtomextract moxygenmfrommthemairmamo
ngmhumanmpopulationsmlivingmat mhighmelevationsmismanmexamplemof mwhichmform mof madaptation?
A) short-termmphysiologicalmadaptation
B) long-termmphysiologicalmadaptation
C) culturalmadaptation
D) symbolicmadaptation
E) geneticmadaptation
4
