Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.b WCNb02-200-203
, Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.b WCNb02-200-203
Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.bDuebtobelectronicbrights,bsomebthirdbpartybcontentbmaybbebsuppressedbfrombthebeBookband/orbe
Chapter(s).
Editorialbreviewbhasbdeemedbthatbanybsuppressedbcontentbdoesbnotbmateriallybaffectbtheboverallblearningbexperience.bCengagebLearningbreservesbthebrightbtobremovebadditionalbcontentbatbanybtimebifbsubsequentbrightsbres
,Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
b b b
ThebDietary b ReferencebIntakesb(DRI)binclude btwobsetsbofbnutrie Theb DRIb alsob includeb theb Tolerable b Upperb Intakeb Levelb(
ntbintake bgoalsbforbindividuals— UL)b thatb representsb theb estimatedb maximumb dailyb amountb o
thebRecommendedb DietarybAllowance b(RDA)bandbAdequate bInt fbabnutrientbthatbappearsbsafebforbmostbhealthybpeoplebtobcon-
akeb(AI).bThebRDAbreflectsbthebaveragebdailybamountbofbabnutrie bsume bon ba bregular bbasis. bTurn bthe bpage bforba blisting bofbthe bULb f
ntbconsideredbadequate b tob meetb theb needsb ofb mostb healthyb pe orb selectedb vitaminsb andb minerals.b Noteb thatb theb absenceb ofb
ople.b Ifb therebisb insufficientb evidence b tob determine b anb RDA, abULbforbabnutrientbdoesbnotbindicate bthatbitbisbsafebtobconsumeb i
b an b AIb is b set. bIn baddition, bthebEstimated bEnergy bRequirement b( nbhighbdoses,bbutbonlybthatbresearchbisbtooblimitedbtobsetbabUL.bC
EER)brepre- hapterb1bdescribesbthesebDRIbvaluesbinbdetail.
bsents b the b average b dietary b energy b intake b considered b adequate
bto b maintain b energy b balance b in b healthy b people.
Estimatedb Energyb Requirementsb (EER),b Recommendedb Dietaryb Allowancesb (RDA),b andb Adequateb Intakesb (AI)b forb Water,bEnerg
y,bandbthebEnergybNutrients
EERbb (kcal/day)
LinolenicbAcidc
RDAb(g/kg/day)
ReferencebHei
Reference b BMI
ReferencebW
Carbohydrateb
LinoleicbAcid
RDAb(g/day)d
RDAb(g/day)
b AIb(g/day)
eightbkgb(lb)
bAIb(g/day)
ghtbcmb(in.)
TotalbFiber
bAIb(g/day
TotalbFat
AIb(L/day)
bAIb(g/da
Protein
Protein
Watera
Energy
y)
b
)
Males
0–0.5 — 62b(24) 6b(13) 0.7e 570 60 — 31 4.4 0.5 9.1 1.52
0.5–1 — 71b(28) 9b(20) 0.8f 743 95 — 30 4.6 0.5 11 1.20
1–3g — 86b(34) 12b(27) 1.3 1046 130 19 — 7 0.7 13 1.05
4–8g 15.3 115b(45) 20b(44) 1.7 1742 130 25 — 10 0.9 19 0.95
9–13 17.2 144b(57) 36b(79) 2.4 2279 130 31 — 12 1.2 34 0.95
14–18 20.5 174b(68) 61b(134) 3.3 3152 130 38 — 16 1.6 52 0.85
19–30 22.5 177b(70) 70b(154) 3.7 3067h 130 38 — 17 1.6 56 0.80
31–50 22.5i 177b(70)i 70b(154)i 3.7 3067h 130 38 — 17 1.6 56 0.80
>50 22.5i 177b(70)i 70b(154)i 3.7 3067h 130 30 — 14 1.6 56 0.80
Females
0–0.5 — 62b(24) 6b(13) 0.7e 520 60 — 31 4.4 0.5 9.1 1.52
0.5–1 — 71b(28) 9b(20) 0.8f 676 95 — 30 4.6 0.5 11 1.20
1–3g — 86b(34) 12b(27) 1.3 992 130 19 — 7 0.7 13 1.05
4–8g 15.3 115b(45) 20b(44) 1.7 1642 130 25 — 10 0.9 19 0.95
9–13 17.4 144b(57) 37b(81) 2.1 2071 130 26 — 10 1.0 34 0.95
14–18 20.4 163b(64) 54b (119) 2.3 2368 130 26 — 11 1.1 46 0.85
19–30 21.5 163b(64) 57b(126) 2.7 2403j 130 25 — 12 1.1 46 0.80
31–50 21.5i 163b (64)i 57b (126)i 2.7 2403j 130 25 — 12 1.1 46 0.80
>50 21.5i 163b (64)i 57b (126)i 2.7 2403j 130 21 — 11 1.1 46 0.80
Pregnancy
1stbtrimester 3.0 +0 175 28 — 13 1.4 46 0.80
2ndbtrimester 3.0 +340 175 28 — 13 1.4 71 1.10
3rdbtrimester 3.0 +452 175 28 — 13 1.4 71 1.10
Lactation
1stb6bmonths 3.8 +330 210 29 — 13 1.3 71 1.30
2ndb6bmonths 3.8 +400 210 29 — 13 1.3 71 1.30
g
NOTE:b BMIb isb calculatedb asb theb weightb inb kilogramsb divid height,bandbphysicalbactivityblevel.bThebvaluesblistedbarebba Forbenergy,bthebagebgroupsbforbyoungbchildrenbareb1–
edb bybthebsquarebofbthebheightbinbmeters.bForballbnutrients, sedb onbanb“active”bpersonbatbthebreferencebheightbandbwe 2byearsb andb3–8byears.
bvaluesb forbinfantsbarebAI.bThebglossarybonbthebinsertbdefin ightbandb atbthebmidpointbagesbforbeachbgroupbuntilbageb19 h
Forbmales,bsubtractb10bkcaloriesbperbdaybforbeachbyearbofba
esbunitsbofb nutrientbmeasure.bDashesb(— .bChapterb8b andbAppendixbFbprovidebequationsbandbtablesb geb aboveb19.
)bindicatebthatbvaluesbhavebnotb beenbdetermined. tobdetermineb estimatedbenergybrequirements. i
Becausebweightbneedbnotbchangebasbadultsbagebifbactivitybis
a c
ThebwaterbAIbincludesbdrinkingbwater,bwaterbinbbeverages,ba Theblinolenicbacidbreferredbtobinbthisbtablebandbtextbisb b maintained,breferencebweightsbforbadultsb19bthroughb30bye
ndb waterbinbfoods;binbgeneral,bdrinkingbwaterbandbotherbbe theb omega-3bfattybacidbknownbasbalpha- arsb arebappliedbtoballbadultbagebgroups.
veragesb contributebaboutb70btob80bpercent,bandbfoods,btheb linolenicbacid. j
Forbfemales,bsubtractb7bkcaloriesbperbdaybforbeachbyearbofba
d
remainder.b Conversionbfactors:b1bLb=b33.8bfluidboz;b1bLb=b1 Thebvaluesblistedbarebbasedbonbreferencebbodybweights. geb aboveb19.
e
.06bqt; Assumedb tob beb fromb humanb milk.
1 cupb=b8bfluidboz. f
Assumedbtobbebfrombhumanbmilkbandbcomplementarybfoods SOURCE:bAdaptedbfrombthebDietarybReferencebIntakesbser
b
ThebEstimatedbEnergybRequirementb(EER)brepresentsbtheb a b andbbeverages.bThisbincludesbapproximatelyb0.6bLb(~2½bc ies,bNationalbAcademiesbPress.bNationalbAcademiesbofb Scien
veragebdietarybenergybintakebthatbwillbmaintainbenergyb bal ups)b asbtotalbfluidbincludingbformula,bjuices,bandbdrinkingb ces.
ancebinbabhealthybpersonbofbabgivenbgender,bage,bweight, water.
Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.bDuebtobelectronicbrights,bsomebthirdbpartybcontentbmaybbebsuppressedbfrombthebeBookband/orbe
Chapter(s).
Editorialbreviewbhasbdeemedbthatbanybsuppressedbcontentbdoesbnotbmateriallybaffectbtheboverallblearningbexperience.bCengagebLearningbreservesbthebrightbtobremovebadditionalbcontentbatbanybtimebifbsubsequentbrightsbres
, A Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.b WCNb02-200-203
Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.bDuebtobelectronicbrights,bsomebthirdbpartybcontentbmaybbebsuppressedbfrombthebeBookband/orbe
Chapter(s).
Editorialbreviewbhasbdeemedbthatbanybsuppressedbcontentbdoesbnotbmateriallybaffectbtheboverallblearningbexperience.bCengagebLearningbreservesbthebrightbtobremovebadditionalbcontentbatbanybtimebifbsubsequentbrightsbres
, Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.b WCNb02-200-203
Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.bDuebtobelectronicbrights,bsomebthirdbpartybcontentbmaybbebsuppressedbfrombthebeBookband/orbe
Chapter(s).
Editorialbreviewbhasbdeemedbthatbanybsuppressedbcontentbdoesbnotbmateriallybaffectbtheboverallblearningbexperience.bCengagebLearningbreservesbthebrightbtobremovebadditionalbcontentbatbanybtimebifbsubsequentbrightsbres
,Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
b b b
ThebDietary b ReferencebIntakesb(DRI)binclude btwobsetsbofbnutrie Theb DRIb alsob includeb theb Tolerable b Upperb Intakeb Levelb(
ntbintake bgoalsbforbindividuals— UL)b thatb representsb theb estimatedb maximumb dailyb amountb o
thebRecommendedb DietarybAllowance b(RDA)bandbAdequate bInt fbabnutrientbthatbappearsbsafebforbmostbhealthybpeoplebtobcon-
akeb(AI).bThebRDAbreflectsbthebaveragebdailybamountbofbabnutrie bsume bon ba bregular bbasis. bTurn bthe bpage bforba blisting bofbthe bULb f
ntbconsideredbadequate b tob meetb theb needsb ofb mostb healthyb pe orb selectedb vitaminsb andb minerals.b Noteb thatb theb absenceb ofb
ople.b Ifb therebisb insufficientb evidence b tob determine b anb RDA, abULbforbabnutrientbdoesbnotbindicate bthatbitbisbsafebtobconsumeb i
b an b AIb is b set. bIn baddition, bthebEstimated bEnergy bRequirement b( nbhighbdoses,bbutbonlybthatbresearchbisbtooblimitedbtobsetbabUL.bC
EER)brepre- hapterb1bdescribesbthesebDRIbvaluesbinbdetail.
bsents b the b average b dietary b energy b intake b considered b adequate
bto b maintain b energy b balance b in b healthy b people.
Estimatedb Energyb Requirementsb (EER),b Recommendedb Dietaryb Allowancesb (RDA),b andb Adequateb Intakesb (AI)b forb Water,bEnerg
y,bandbthebEnergybNutrients
EERbb (kcal/day)
LinolenicbAcidc
RDAb(g/kg/day)
ReferencebHei
Reference b BMI
ReferencebW
Carbohydrateb
LinoleicbAcid
RDAb(g/day)d
RDAb(g/day)
b AIb(g/day)
eightbkgb(lb)
bAIb(g/day)
ghtbcmb(in.)
TotalbFiber
bAIb(g/day
TotalbFat
AIb(L/day)
bAIb(g/da
Protein
Protein
Watera
Energy
y)
b
)
Males
0–0.5 — 62b(24) 6b(13) 0.7e 570 60 — 31 4.4 0.5 9.1 1.52
0.5–1 — 71b(28) 9b(20) 0.8f 743 95 — 30 4.6 0.5 11 1.20
1–3g — 86b(34) 12b(27) 1.3 1046 130 19 — 7 0.7 13 1.05
4–8g 15.3 115b(45) 20b(44) 1.7 1742 130 25 — 10 0.9 19 0.95
9–13 17.2 144b(57) 36b(79) 2.4 2279 130 31 — 12 1.2 34 0.95
14–18 20.5 174b(68) 61b(134) 3.3 3152 130 38 — 16 1.6 52 0.85
19–30 22.5 177b(70) 70b(154) 3.7 3067h 130 38 — 17 1.6 56 0.80
31–50 22.5i 177b(70)i 70b(154)i 3.7 3067h 130 38 — 17 1.6 56 0.80
>50 22.5i 177b(70)i 70b(154)i 3.7 3067h 130 30 — 14 1.6 56 0.80
Females
0–0.5 — 62b(24) 6b(13) 0.7e 520 60 — 31 4.4 0.5 9.1 1.52
0.5–1 — 71b(28) 9b(20) 0.8f 676 95 — 30 4.6 0.5 11 1.20
1–3g — 86b(34) 12b(27) 1.3 992 130 19 — 7 0.7 13 1.05
4–8g 15.3 115b(45) 20b(44) 1.7 1642 130 25 — 10 0.9 19 0.95
9–13 17.4 144b(57) 37b(81) 2.1 2071 130 26 — 10 1.0 34 0.95
14–18 20.4 163b(64) 54b (119) 2.3 2368 130 26 — 11 1.1 46 0.85
19–30 21.5 163b(64) 57b(126) 2.7 2403j 130 25 — 12 1.1 46 0.80
31–50 21.5i 163b (64)i 57b (126)i 2.7 2403j 130 25 — 12 1.1 46 0.80
>50 21.5i 163b (64)i 57b (126)i 2.7 2403j 130 21 — 11 1.1 46 0.80
Pregnancy
1stbtrimester 3.0 +0 175 28 — 13 1.4 46 0.80
2ndbtrimester 3.0 +340 175 28 — 13 1.4 71 1.10
3rdbtrimester 3.0 +452 175 28 — 13 1.4 71 1.10
Lactation
1stb6bmonths 3.8 +330 210 29 — 13 1.3 71 1.30
2ndb6bmonths 3.8 +400 210 29 — 13 1.3 71 1.30
g
NOTE:b BMIb isb calculatedb asb theb weightb inb kilogramsb divid height,bandbphysicalbactivityblevel.bThebvaluesblistedbarebba Forbenergy,bthebagebgroupsbforbyoungbchildrenbareb1–
edb bybthebsquarebofbthebheightbinbmeters.bForballbnutrients, sedb onbanb“active”bpersonbatbthebreferencebheightbandbwe 2byearsb andb3–8byears.
bvaluesb forbinfantsbarebAI.bThebglossarybonbthebinsertbdefin ightbandb atbthebmidpointbagesbforbeachbgroupbuntilbageb19 h
Forbmales,bsubtractb10bkcaloriesbperbdaybforbeachbyearbofba
esbunitsbofb nutrientbmeasure.bDashesb(— .bChapterb8b andbAppendixbFbprovidebequationsbandbtablesb geb aboveb19.
)bindicatebthatbvaluesbhavebnotb beenbdetermined. tobdetermineb estimatedbenergybrequirements. i
Becausebweightbneedbnotbchangebasbadultsbagebifbactivitybis
a c
ThebwaterbAIbincludesbdrinkingbwater,bwaterbinbbeverages,ba Theblinolenicbacidbreferredbtobinbthisbtablebandbtextbisb b maintained,breferencebweightsbforbadultsb19bthroughb30bye
ndb waterbinbfoods;binbgeneral,bdrinkingbwaterbandbotherbbe theb omega-3bfattybacidbknownbasbalpha- arsb arebappliedbtoballbadultbagebgroups.
veragesb contributebaboutb70btob80bpercent,bandbfoods,btheb linolenicbacid. j
Forbfemales,bsubtractb7bkcaloriesbperbdaybforbeachbyearbofba
d
remainder.b Conversionbfactors:b1bLb=b33.8bfluidboz;b1bLb=b1 Thebvaluesblistedbarebbasedbonbreferencebbodybweights. geb aboveb19.
e
.06bqt; Assumedb tob beb fromb humanb milk.
1 cupb=b8bfluidboz. f
Assumedbtobbebfrombhumanbmilkbandbcomplementarybfoods SOURCE:bAdaptedbfrombthebDietarybReferencebIntakesbser
b
ThebEstimatedbEnergybRequirementb(EER)brepresentsbtheb a b andbbeverages.bThisbincludesbapproximatelyb0.6bLb(~2½bc ies,bNationalbAcademiesbPress.bNationalbAcademiesbofb Scien
veragebdietarybenergybintakebthatbwillbmaintainbenergyb bal ups)b asbtotalbfluidbincludingbformula,bjuices,bandbdrinkingb ces.
ancebinbabhealthybpersonbofbabgivenbgender,bage,bweight, water.
Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.bDuebtobelectronicbrights,bsomebthirdbpartybcontentbmaybbebsuppressedbfrombthebeBookband/orbe
Chapter(s).
Editorialbreviewbhasbdeemedbthatbanybsuppressedbcontentbdoesbnotbmateriallybaffectbtheboverallblearningbexperience.bCengagebLearningbreservesbthebrightbtobremovebadditionalbcontentbatbanybtimebifbsubsequentbrightsbres
, A Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.b WCNb02-200-203
Copyrightb2019bCengagebLearning.bAllbRightsbReserved.bMaybnotbbebcopied,bscanned,borbduplicated,binbwholeborbinbpart.bDuebtobelectronicbrights,bsomebthirdbpartybcontentbmaybbebsuppressedbfrombthebeBookband/orbe
Chapter(s).
Editorialbreviewbhasbdeemedbthatbanybsuppressedbcontentbdoesbnotbmateriallybaffectbtheboverallblearningbexperience.bCengagebLearningbreservesbthebrightbtobremovebadditionalbcontentbatbanybtimebifbsubsequentbrightsbres
