NBDHE Board Review Exam Questions with Verified Answers

NBDHE Board Review Exam Questions with Verified Answers Meth mouth is characterized by: - Answers-1. rampant caries 2. burned mucosa 3. xerostomia 4. periodontal disease 5. severe attrition .Which part of the brain controls body temperature? - Answers-hypothalamus .The thalamus is involved in - Answers-sensory reception and regulation of motor functions .The cerebrum is - Answers-the largest portion of the brain and controls all voluntary actions of the body .The cerebellum is - Answers-located at the base of the brain and is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance, and muscle tone. .Which anti-hypertensive drug works by reducing the water volume in the blood vessels? - Answers-Hydrochlorothiazide .Lisinopril (Zestril) - Answers-ACE inhibitor, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II .Diazepam (Valium) - Answers-Benzodiazepine, reduces anxiety by facilitating the action of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) .ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, naproxin (Aleve) - Answers-NSAID, inhibits enzyme cyclooxygenase, COX-1/COX-2 3 A's: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic .Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) - Answers-thiazide diuretic, inhibits the resorption of sodium from the distal tubule .Nifidipine (Procardia) - Answers-Antihypertensive, Calcium Channel Blocker: Inhibits the movement of calcium during the contraction of cardiac and vascular smooth muscles .Lovastatin (Mevacor) - Answers-Anti-Hyperlipidemic: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methyl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme used for biosynthesis of cholesterol. Lowers LDL and triglyceride concentrations and increases HDL. .Epinephrine - Answers-stimulates both alpha and beta receptors and can raise blood pressure and cause bronchodilation and vasoconstriction .Candesartan (Atacand) - Answers-Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB), Antihypertensive .Codeine - Answers-opioid analgesic that works by binding to and stimulating mu-, kappa-, and delta- receptors in the CNS and spinal cord. .Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid) - Answers-vasodilator that works by producing vascular smooth muscle relaxation throughout the body. It is used to treat symptoms of angina. .A side effect of tetracycline is - Answers-photo-sensitivity, may cause exaggerated sunburn in patients exposed to sunligjt .A side effect of aspirin is - Answers-- tinnitus, ringing in ears - epigastric, GI issues - increased bleeding .A side effect of metronidazole hydrochloride (HCl) (Flagyl) - Answers-disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, Hangover like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing headache, chest and abdominal discomfort) .A side effect of Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) - Answers-elevated blood pressure and heart rate because it produces vasoconstriction .A side effect of Propranolol (Inderal) - Answers-bronchoconstriction, Remember: -olol is contraindicated in patients with asthma as it blocks beta-2 receptors. .A side effect of Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - Answers-hepatotoxicity, liver damage .A side effect of Benzotropin (Cogentin) - Answers-severe xerostomia .A side effect of Phenytoin (Dilantin) - Answers-gingival hyperplasia, 50% of all chronic users .A side effect of Diazepam (Valium) - Answers-cognitive impairment .A side effect of Penicillin (Pen VK) - Answers-drug hypersensitivity in 1 to 10 individuals .Which beverage should not be given with tetracycline - Answers-milk contains calcium which inhibit absorption .Aspirin should not be used in persons with - Answers-ASTHMA: more likely to have a hypersensitivity reaction GOUT: may counteract uricosuric effects of probenecid .4 A's: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-coagulant, Anti-pyretic are associated with which drug? - Answers-Aspirin .Patients taking metronidazole hydrocholoride HCl (Flagyl) should be advised to avoid which substance? - Answers-Alcohol .Characteristic of an ideal local anesthetic: - Answers-- reversible - lack of systemic toxicity - absence of local reactions .Statin drugs - Answers-hyperlipidemia drugs that reduce cholesterol by blocking the enzyme necessary for cholesterol production in the liver; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor drugs .Second-generation antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin) are less sedating than their predecessors in therapeutic because they - Answers-do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier .What should you do after inhaler use? - Answers-rinse with water, swish, and expectorate after each inhalation to minimize: xerostomia, teeth staining, and taste alterations .EpiPen adult dosage - Answers-0.3 mg .EpiPen child dosage - Answers-0.15 mg .Anticholinergic effects, SANS (running in woods) - Answers-Xerostomia = can't spit Urinary retention = can't piss Constipation = can't shit Mydriasis, dilated, blurred vision = can't see .SANS creates what response? - Answers-Fight or Flight .PANS creates what response? - Answers-Rest and Digest .What are the agonists that mediate responses in the ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS in SANS? - Answers-epinephrine and norepinephrine .What is the neurotransmitter that mediates response and acts at the CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS in PANS - Answers-acetylcholine .SANS, flight or flight, response results in - Answers-- ACCELERATED heart rate and respiration - DILATEd bronchioles and pupils (mydriasis) - REDUCEd digestion - INCREASED perspiration and arterial blood pressure .PANS, rest and digest, response results in - Answers-- CONSTRICTED pupils and bronchi - SLOWS heart rate and respiration - DECREASES perspiration and arterial blood pressure - DILATES blood vessels leading to GI tract for digestion - PERISTALSIS, poop - STIMULATES salivary gland secretion .Which drug should NOT be given to a pregnant patient - Answers-Tetracycline, because of the effect it can have on the developing fetus .A patient with a peptic ulcer could have which medication? A. Aspirin B. Acetaminophen C. Ibuprofen D. Pilocarpine - Answers-Acetaminophen: does not cause GI upset or bleeding, considered safe. Aspirin / Ibuprofen cause significant GI upset and gastric bleeding. Pilocarpine increases secretions, exacerbating peptic ulcer symptoms .Beriberi is caused by - Answers-Deficiency in Vitamin B1, THIAMINE .Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, deficiency causes - Answers-Scurvy and Pernicious anemia .Pellagra is caused by - Answers-Vitamin B3, NIACIN