BLD 434 - TOPIC 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
neutrophils
- in blood; completes phagocytosis
- die after they've delivered all the contents of their granules, by apoptosis or NETosis
Macrophages
-long-lived and have the capacity for self-renewal
- active scavengers that take up/degrade dead cells
- mediate local inflammation and recruit neutrophils
Identify the cytokines released by macrophages that cause beneficial local
immune system effects
- IL-1 beta: master regulator of inflammation
- TNF-alpha: induces blood vessels to be more permeable, allowing cells/fluid/soluble
effectors to enter infected tissue.
- IL-6: induces fat/muscle cells to metabolize, generate heat, and raise temp in infected
tissue
Identify the chemokines released by macrophages that cause beneficial local
immune system effects
- CXCL8: recruits neutrophils from blood/ directs to infected tissue.
- CCL2: recruits monocytes from blood/directs to infected tissue
, - IL-12: recruits/activates NK cells to secrete cytokines that strengthen macrophage
response
Receptors phagocytes possess that allow them to recognize/phagocytize
pathogens
- scavenger receptors
- LPS receptor
- complement receptors C3 and C4
- Toll-like receptors (TLR): signal/do not phagocytize
Identify the general role of TLR in the innate immune response
signaling receptors/activate macrophages and immune cells
TLR subfamily 1 (TLR 1,2,4,6,10)
-ligand: lipid components
-microbes: bacteria, fungi, parasites
-receptor: plasma membrane
- cell: immune cells
TLR subfamily 2 (TLR 7-9)
-ligand: nucleic acids
-microbes: bacteria and RNA/DNA viruses
-receptor: endosome
-cell: immune cells
TLR subfamily 3 (TLR 3)
- ligand: nucleic acids
-microbes: RNA viruses
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
neutrophils
- in blood; completes phagocytosis
- die after they've delivered all the contents of their granules, by apoptosis or NETosis
Macrophages
-long-lived and have the capacity for self-renewal
- active scavengers that take up/degrade dead cells
- mediate local inflammation and recruit neutrophils
Identify the cytokines released by macrophages that cause beneficial local
immune system effects
- IL-1 beta: master regulator of inflammation
- TNF-alpha: induces blood vessels to be more permeable, allowing cells/fluid/soluble
effectors to enter infected tissue.
- IL-6: induces fat/muscle cells to metabolize, generate heat, and raise temp in infected
tissue
Identify the chemokines released by macrophages that cause beneficial local
immune system effects
- CXCL8: recruits neutrophils from blood/ directs to infected tissue.
- CCL2: recruits monocytes from blood/directs to infected tissue
, - IL-12: recruits/activates NK cells to secrete cytokines that strengthen macrophage
response
Receptors phagocytes possess that allow them to recognize/phagocytize
pathogens
- scavenger receptors
- LPS receptor
- complement receptors C3 and C4
- Toll-like receptors (TLR): signal/do not phagocytize
Identify the general role of TLR in the innate immune response
signaling receptors/activate macrophages and immune cells
TLR subfamily 1 (TLR 1,2,4,6,10)
-ligand: lipid components
-microbes: bacteria, fungi, parasites
-receptor: plasma membrane
- cell: immune cells
TLR subfamily 2 (TLR 7-9)
-ligand: nucleic acids
-microbes: bacteria and RNA/DNA viruses
-receptor: endosome
-cell: immune cells
TLR subfamily 3 (TLR 3)
- ligand: nucleic acids
-microbes: RNA viruses
