BLD 434 TOPIC 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
C:
the beginning of the name of a complement protein; first line of defense against
infections
Opsonin:
complement framgents binding to pathogen surface, tagging them for phagocytosis
Anaphylatoxin:
complement fragments diffusing away and act as inflammatory molecules in high
concentrations
Chemoattractant:
complement fragments that recruit immune cells to inflammation sites by creating a
gradient the cells follow; neutrophils and monocytes
Complement fixation:
binding of C3b to pathogen
where the C' pathways converge
most important function of complement activation!!!
CR#:
complement receptors on pathogens
, What does "complement works in a cascade fashion that amplifies as it
proceeds" mean?
complement products will activate each other in a cascade fashion that works
exponentially
so, one enzyme will cleave many complements, which will cleave many products, etc...
Major advantage that complement has compared to antibody in tagging
pathogens for disposal:
complement proteins bind COVALENTLY (opsonization) to pathogen surface, while
antibodies bind noncovalently
4 main functions that the complement proteins can perform for the immune
system:
1. causes lysis of bacterial cells by creating a MAC pore through C9 polymerization
2. opsonization: complement proteins bind pathogen membrane receptors covalently
3. anaphylaxtoxin: increases local inflammation
4. chemoattractant: forms a concentration gradient that attracts cells (neutrophils and
monocytes); increases adherence to vessel endothelium
3 separate pathways that can trigger complement activation and the first
complement component(s) that bind(s) to initiate each of these pathways:
1. alternative pathway: spontaneous hydrolysis of C3
2. lectin pathway: mannose binding lectin (MBL)
3. classical pathway: C-reactive protein (CRP)
C3 convertase is made up of complement proteins in different pathways:
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
C:
the beginning of the name of a complement protein; first line of defense against
infections
Opsonin:
complement framgents binding to pathogen surface, tagging them for phagocytosis
Anaphylatoxin:
complement fragments diffusing away and act as inflammatory molecules in high
concentrations
Chemoattractant:
complement fragments that recruit immune cells to inflammation sites by creating a
gradient the cells follow; neutrophils and monocytes
Complement fixation:
binding of C3b to pathogen
where the C' pathways converge
most important function of complement activation!!!
CR#:
complement receptors on pathogens
, What does "complement works in a cascade fashion that amplifies as it
proceeds" mean?
complement products will activate each other in a cascade fashion that works
exponentially
so, one enzyme will cleave many complements, which will cleave many products, etc...
Major advantage that complement has compared to antibody in tagging
pathogens for disposal:
complement proteins bind COVALENTLY (opsonization) to pathogen surface, while
antibodies bind noncovalently
4 main functions that the complement proteins can perform for the immune
system:
1. causes lysis of bacterial cells by creating a MAC pore through C9 polymerization
2. opsonization: complement proteins bind pathogen membrane receptors covalently
3. anaphylaxtoxin: increases local inflammation
4. chemoattractant: forms a concentration gradient that attracts cells (neutrophils and
monocytes); increases adherence to vessel endothelium
3 separate pathways that can trigger complement activation and the first
complement component(s) that bind(s) to initiate each of these pathways:
1. alternative pathway: spontaneous hydrolysis of C3
2. lectin pathway: mannose binding lectin (MBL)
3. classical pathway: C-reactive protein (CRP)
C3 convertase is made up of complement proteins in different pathways:
