BLD 434 QUIZ 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: C
complement, main first line defense against infection
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: opsonin
general name for antibodies and complement proteins that coat pathogens, thereby
facilitating their phagocytosis by neutrophils or macrophages carrying receptors for the
opsonin.
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: anaphylatoxin
general name for complement fragments C3a and C5a, which are produced during
complement activation. they induce inflammation, recruiting fluid and inflammatory cells
to sites of antigen deposition. in some circumstances. C3a and C5a can induce
anaphylactic reactions.
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: chemoattractant
a chemical agent that induces movement of chemotactic cells in the direction of its
highest concentration.
,Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: complement fixation
the covalent attachment of C3b or C4b to pathogen surfaces, which is a central feature
of the action of complement because it facilitates phagocytosis of the pathogen
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: CR#
complement receptors found on macrophages and other cells that bind to iC3b on
pathogen
What is the difference between opsonization and complement fixation?
C3b binding to pathogen surface is called "complement fixation". Complement fixation is
one form of opsonization (coating of pathogen with immune protein, facilitating
phagocytosis)
Explain what is meant by the following statement: "Complement works in a
cascade fashion that amplifies as it proceeds".
many complement proteins are zymogens which are in active serine proteases and they
activate each other in a cascade fashion with tremendous amplification capability
C3 is made in the liver
List the major advantage that complement has compared to antibody in tagging
pathogens for disposal
very early in an infection (fast) and does NOT require an antibody
, Works with serum antibody to kill pathogens
Attaches to antigen with covalent bond
List and define the 4 main functions that the complement proteins can perform
for the immune system
- anaphylatoxins
- opsonization
- chemotaxis
- direct lysis (MAC Complex)
Name the 3 separate pathways that can trigger complement activation and
identify the first complement component(s) that bind(s) to initiate each of these
pathways.
classical: IgG or IgM antibodies (C4 and C2)
lectin: mannose binding lectin, C3
alternative: C3 and Factor B,D, Properdin
Identify the actual complement proteins that are complexed together to form the
C3 convertase and C5 convertase for both the classical and alternative
complement pathways.
Alternative:
- C3 convertase: C3bBb, iC3Bb
- C5 convertase: C3bBb3b
Classical:
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: C
complement, main first line defense against infection
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: opsonin
general name for antibodies and complement proteins that coat pathogens, thereby
facilitating their phagocytosis by neutrophils or macrophages carrying receptors for the
opsonin.
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: anaphylatoxin
general name for complement fragments C3a and C5a, which are produced during
complement activation. they induce inflammation, recruiting fluid and inflammatory cells
to sites of antigen deposition. in some circumstances. C3a and C5a can induce
anaphylactic reactions.
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: chemoattractant
a chemical agent that induces movement of chemotactic cells in the direction of its
highest concentration.
,Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: complement fixation
the covalent attachment of C3b or C4b to pathogen surfaces, which is a central feature
of the action of complement because it facilitates phagocytosis of the pathogen
Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as
appropriate]: CR#
complement receptors found on macrophages and other cells that bind to iC3b on
pathogen
What is the difference between opsonization and complement fixation?
C3b binding to pathogen surface is called "complement fixation". Complement fixation is
one form of opsonization (coating of pathogen with immune protein, facilitating
phagocytosis)
Explain what is meant by the following statement: "Complement works in a
cascade fashion that amplifies as it proceeds".
many complement proteins are zymogens which are in active serine proteases and they
activate each other in a cascade fashion with tremendous amplification capability
C3 is made in the liver
List the major advantage that complement has compared to antibody in tagging
pathogens for disposal
very early in an infection (fast) and does NOT require an antibody
, Works with serum antibody to kill pathogens
Attaches to antigen with covalent bond
List and define the 4 main functions that the complement proteins can perform
for the immune system
- anaphylatoxins
- opsonization
- chemotaxis
- direct lysis (MAC Complex)
Name the 3 separate pathways that can trigger complement activation and
identify the first complement component(s) that bind(s) to initiate each of these
pathways.
classical: IgG or IgM antibodies (C4 and C2)
lectin: mannose binding lectin, C3
alternative: C3 and Factor B,D, Properdin
Identify the actual complement proteins that are complexed together to form the
C3 convertase and C5 convertase for both the classical and alternative
complement pathways.
Alternative:
- C3 convertase: C3bBb, iC3Bb
- C5 convertase: C3bBb3b
Classical:
