BLD 434 QUIZ 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What cytokines are released by macrophages to fight local bacteria?
TNF-alpha
IL-6
CXCL8
CCL2
IL-12
What does TNF-alpha do for a local infection?
Makes blood vessels more permeable
What does IL-6 do for a local infection?
Creates heat from muscle/fat metabolisis
What does CXCL8 do for a local infection?
Recruits neutrophils from the blood
What does CCL2 do for a local infection?
Recruits monocytes from the blood
What does IL-12 do for a local infection?
Recruits and activates NK cells to secrete cytokines to strengthen macrophages
How do neutrophils and macrophages differ in life span?
Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria while macrophages phagocytose dead neutrophils
What receptors do phagocytes have?
, Scavenger receptors
Lipopolysaccharide receptors
Complement receptors
Toll-Like Receptors
What is the general role of TLRs in the innate immune system?
To activate immune cells
What ligands are recognized by TLR I?
Lipids
What ligands are recognized by TLR II?
Nucleic acids
What ligands are recognized by TLR III?
Nucleic acids
What ligands are recognized by TLR IV?
Proteins
What interferons are Type I interferons?
IFN-alpha
IFN-beta
What type of microbial infection do Type I interferons fight?
Viral infection
What would be the outcome if MAVS receptors were activated?
The production of IRF-3 and IRF-7
What does IFN stand for? (ex. IFN-alpha)
Interferon
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What cytokines are released by macrophages to fight local bacteria?
TNF-alpha
IL-6
CXCL8
CCL2
IL-12
What does TNF-alpha do for a local infection?
Makes blood vessels more permeable
What does IL-6 do for a local infection?
Creates heat from muscle/fat metabolisis
What does CXCL8 do for a local infection?
Recruits neutrophils from the blood
What does CCL2 do for a local infection?
Recruits monocytes from the blood
What does IL-12 do for a local infection?
Recruits and activates NK cells to secrete cytokines to strengthen macrophages
How do neutrophils and macrophages differ in life span?
Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria while macrophages phagocytose dead neutrophils
What receptors do phagocytes have?
, Scavenger receptors
Lipopolysaccharide receptors
Complement receptors
Toll-Like Receptors
What is the general role of TLRs in the innate immune system?
To activate immune cells
What ligands are recognized by TLR I?
Lipids
What ligands are recognized by TLR II?
Nucleic acids
What ligands are recognized by TLR III?
Nucleic acids
What ligands are recognized by TLR IV?
Proteins
What interferons are Type I interferons?
IFN-alpha
IFN-beta
What type of microbial infection do Type I interferons fight?
Viral infection
What would be the outcome if MAVS receptors were activated?
The production of IRF-3 and IRF-7
What does IFN stand for? (ex. IFN-alpha)
Interferon
