BLD 434 - 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
secondary immunodeficiency
HIV-1
prevalent in the US and Europe
HIV-2
prevalent in Africa
global HIV trend
stabilized
gp120
binds tightly to CD4 allowing virons to bind to cells
gp41
fuses to viral membrane with host-cell membrane
macrophage-tropic HIV strains
spread infection from person to person using CCR5, infecting macrophages and
dendritic cells first
,lymphocyte-tropic HIV strains
-infect activated CD4 cells causing immunodeficiency
-produced by macrophages
-rapid decline in CD4 leads to AIDS
reverse transcriptase HIV enzyme
copies virus RNA genome
integrase HIV enzyme
splices virus RNA genome into host cell genome
acute HIV syndrome symptoms
-starts with flu but could be asymptomatic
-asymptomatic during the CD4 downfall
-large amount of virus in plasma results in easy transfer
-when CD4 cells decrease to below 200, infections begin popping up
why do CD4 numbers plummet during the end of the acute infection HIV stage
then rebound
initially killed by CD8, thymus begins to produce CD4 cells
-rebound shows how long asymptomatic phase will last
why combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to fight HIV
, -reduces viral load
-HIV escapes from single drug too easily
-goal is to destroy entire virus population before mutation to resist drugs
serology
the study of antigen-antibody reactions
EIA
enzyme immunoassay
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect anti-HIV antibodies)
window period aka eclipse
time between infection and when test ID changes
false negative
not perceiving a stimulus that is present
false positive
result indicates disease is present in someone who is not infected
main analytes measured in serological tests for infectious disease
antibody and antigen
testing for HIV diagnosis in high-risk adult
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
secondary immunodeficiency
HIV-1
prevalent in the US and Europe
HIV-2
prevalent in Africa
global HIV trend
stabilized
gp120
binds tightly to CD4 allowing virons to bind to cells
gp41
fuses to viral membrane with host-cell membrane
macrophage-tropic HIV strains
spread infection from person to person using CCR5, infecting macrophages and
dendritic cells first
,lymphocyte-tropic HIV strains
-infect activated CD4 cells causing immunodeficiency
-produced by macrophages
-rapid decline in CD4 leads to AIDS
reverse transcriptase HIV enzyme
copies virus RNA genome
integrase HIV enzyme
splices virus RNA genome into host cell genome
acute HIV syndrome symptoms
-starts with flu but could be asymptomatic
-asymptomatic during the CD4 downfall
-large amount of virus in plasma results in easy transfer
-when CD4 cells decrease to below 200, infections begin popping up
why do CD4 numbers plummet during the end of the acute infection HIV stage
then rebound
initially killed by CD8, thymus begins to produce CD4 cells
-rebound shows how long asymptomatic phase will last
why combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to fight HIV
, -reduces viral load
-HIV escapes from single drug too easily
-goal is to destroy entire virus population before mutation to resist drugs
serology
the study of antigen-antibody reactions
EIA
enzyme immunoassay
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect anti-HIV antibodies)
window period aka eclipse
time between infection and when test ID changes
false negative
not perceiving a stimulus that is present
false positive
result indicates disease is present in someone who is not infected
main analytes measured in serological tests for infectious disease
antibody and antigen
testing for HIV diagnosis in high-risk adult
