BN507 IMMUNE AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the three categories of microorganisms?
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Acellular organism
What are Eukaryrotes?
multicellular organisms with a complex cell structure which contains both DNA & RNA.
Examples of eukaryotic microorganisms include some fungi, some algae, yeasts.
What are prokaryotes?
mostly unicellular organisms, though sometimes composed of up to a few cells with a
simpler cellular structure containing both DNA & RNA. Bacteria are all examples of
prokaryotes.
What are Acellular organisms?
they consist of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat (therefore they do not
have a cellular structure). Acellular organisms are obligate intracellular parasites,
meaning they need to invade the cells of other organisms to sustain themselves (i.e.
they are pathogens as they can only function & replicate by hijacking the genetic
material and cellular processes of host cells). All viruses are acellular organisms.
Define normal flora
the microorganisms which normally inhabit, or reside within, the human body
, What are the benefits of normal flora?
- manufacturing vitamin K and vitamin B12 in the digestive tract
- assisting in processing wastes in the digestive (GI) tract
- stimulating the immune system, improving defence against pathogens
- preventing the growth of pathogenic microorganisms
What is transient flora?
microorganisms that may spend some time on the human body, but are not permanent
residents
What is the immune system's function?
protect the body against disease and infection
What are the two major mechanisms of the immune system?
- Innate (non-specific) immunity
- Adaptive (specific) immunity
Innate (non-specific) immunity function
provides generalized first and second line defenses against any type of pathogen.
Adaptive (specific) immunity function
provides a third line of defense against specific pathogens, which it can 'remember' after
an initial encounter.
What are Leukocytes?
White blood cells
What is the function of neutropils?
phagocytize bacteria and some fungi and viruses
What is the function of eosinophils?
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the three categories of microorganisms?
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Acellular organism
What are Eukaryrotes?
multicellular organisms with a complex cell structure which contains both DNA & RNA.
Examples of eukaryotic microorganisms include some fungi, some algae, yeasts.
What are prokaryotes?
mostly unicellular organisms, though sometimes composed of up to a few cells with a
simpler cellular structure containing both DNA & RNA. Bacteria are all examples of
prokaryotes.
What are Acellular organisms?
they consist of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat (therefore they do not
have a cellular structure). Acellular organisms are obligate intracellular parasites,
meaning they need to invade the cells of other organisms to sustain themselves (i.e.
they are pathogens as they can only function & replicate by hijacking the genetic
material and cellular processes of host cells). All viruses are acellular organisms.
Define normal flora
the microorganisms which normally inhabit, or reside within, the human body
, What are the benefits of normal flora?
- manufacturing vitamin K and vitamin B12 in the digestive tract
- assisting in processing wastes in the digestive (GI) tract
- stimulating the immune system, improving defence against pathogens
- preventing the growth of pathogenic microorganisms
What is transient flora?
microorganisms that may spend some time on the human body, but are not permanent
residents
What is the immune system's function?
protect the body against disease and infection
What are the two major mechanisms of the immune system?
- Innate (non-specific) immunity
- Adaptive (specific) immunity
Innate (non-specific) immunity function
provides generalized first and second line defenses against any type of pathogen.
Adaptive (specific) immunity function
provides a third line of defense against specific pathogens, which it can 'remember' after
an initial encounter.
What are Leukocytes?
White blood cells
What is the function of neutropils?
phagocytize bacteria and some fungi and viruses
What is the function of eosinophils?
