SOC 3900 FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
In a true experimental design, a researcher uses random assignment to designate two groups:
one that receives experimental treatment and one that does not. - correct answer True
Quasi-experimental designs are distinguished from true experimental designs because they lack
control groups. - correct answer False
Laboratory experiments tend to have high external validity, but low internal validity - correct
answer False
A regression effect occurs when the experimental group performs consistently better due to
being studied. - correct answer False
In actuality, the experimental effect in the Hawthorne experiment was likely the result of
selection bias. - correct answer True
Which of the following is a potential source of internal invalidity that is associated with the staff
of the experiment? - correct answer Self-fulfilling Prophecy & Instrument Decay
Between the experimental treatment and the post-test, subjects may drop out, talk to
members of the comparison group, or mature. These are all problems associated with: - correct
answer Internal Invalidity
While conducting a before-and-after quasi-experiment on fire preparedness at a local university
and before the post-test was administered, a major fire occurs in a dorm on campus. Although
the post-test showed increased fire preparedness, the researchers could not conclude that
their experimental treatment was the cause. What source of internal invalidity were the
researchers mostly likely concerned about? - correct answer External Events
A random distribution of benefits is ethical in experiments when: - correct answer A researcher
does not know if an experimental treatment will have beneficial effects or if funding does not
allow all subjects to receive treatment
Because staff expectations can change the way that subjects respond to an experimental
treatment, some experiments employ this design in which neither the subject nor the staff
knows who is getting the experimental treatment: - correct answer Double blind Design
To ensure that the treatment is being delivered as planned, many experiments take periodic
measures throughout the experiment. This is known as: - correct answer Process Analysis
What experimental or quasi-experimental design contains a pretest, a treatment, and a
posttest, but no control group? - correct answer Before and After Design
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally
all female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type
of student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic
, SOC 3900 FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
aptitude scores for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year
after men are admitted to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores
for women at both colleges. She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect
of the college admitting men. The college that did not admit men in this design is the - correct
answer Control Group designated before the treatment occurred
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally
all female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type
of student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic
aptitude scores for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year
after men are admitted to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores
for women at both colleges. She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect
of the college admitting men. What quasi-experimental design is this study? - correct answer
Non-equivalent control group
By design, a true experiment conducted in a laboratory should be able to establish all but which
of the following criteria for determining that a causal relation exists between two variables -
correct answer Identification of the mechanism by which the treatment has its effect
Electronic surveys are a good, inexpensive way to conduct research on the general population.
(142-143) - correct answer False
The order of questions on a questionnaire may influence how respondents answer questions. -
correct answer True
The following is an example of a double-barreled question: do you agree or disagree that
presidential elections should reflect the popular vote? - correct answer False
Cover letters can be form letters, and need not be personalized. - correct answer False
Web surveys handle filter questions poorly, so they should be avoided. - correct answer False
Which is an example of a double-barreled question: - correct answer Do you agree or disagree
that state budgets should be reduced and public finances made more transparent?
A respondent must be able to classify himself or herself into one and only one of the response
categories of a survey question. This means that response categories must be: - correct answer
Mutually Exclusice & Exhaustive
What method of survey administration has the greatest ability to use complex surveys? -
correct answer In person interviews
Phone surveys are able to reach unlisted numbers through which technique? - correct answer
Random Digit Dialing
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
In a true experimental design, a researcher uses random assignment to designate two groups:
one that receives experimental treatment and one that does not. - correct answer True
Quasi-experimental designs are distinguished from true experimental designs because they lack
control groups. - correct answer False
Laboratory experiments tend to have high external validity, but low internal validity - correct
answer False
A regression effect occurs when the experimental group performs consistently better due to
being studied. - correct answer False
In actuality, the experimental effect in the Hawthorne experiment was likely the result of
selection bias. - correct answer True
Which of the following is a potential source of internal invalidity that is associated with the staff
of the experiment? - correct answer Self-fulfilling Prophecy & Instrument Decay
Between the experimental treatment and the post-test, subjects may drop out, talk to
members of the comparison group, or mature. These are all problems associated with: - correct
answer Internal Invalidity
While conducting a before-and-after quasi-experiment on fire preparedness at a local university
and before the post-test was administered, a major fire occurs in a dorm on campus. Although
the post-test showed increased fire preparedness, the researchers could not conclude that
their experimental treatment was the cause. What source of internal invalidity were the
researchers mostly likely concerned about? - correct answer External Events
A random distribution of benefits is ethical in experiments when: - correct answer A researcher
does not know if an experimental treatment will have beneficial effects or if funding does not
allow all subjects to receive treatment
Because staff expectations can change the way that subjects respond to an experimental
treatment, some experiments employ this design in which neither the subject nor the staff
knows who is getting the experimental treatment: - correct answer Double blind Design
To ensure that the treatment is being delivered as planned, many experiments take periodic
measures throughout the experiment. This is known as: - correct answer Process Analysis
What experimental or quasi-experimental design contains a pretest, a treatment, and a
posttest, but no control group? - correct answer Before and After Design
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally
all female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type
of student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic
, SOC 3900 FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
aptitude scores for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year
after men are admitted to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores
for women at both colleges. She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect
of the college admitting men. The college that did not admit men in this design is the - correct
answer Control Group designated before the treatment occurred
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally
all female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type
of student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic
aptitude scores for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year
after men are admitted to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores
for women at both colleges. She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect
of the college admitting men. What quasi-experimental design is this study? - correct answer
Non-equivalent control group
By design, a true experiment conducted in a laboratory should be able to establish all but which
of the following criteria for determining that a causal relation exists between two variables -
correct answer Identification of the mechanism by which the treatment has its effect
Electronic surveys are a good, inexpensive way to conduct research on the general population.
(142-143) - correct answer False
The order of questions on a questionnaire may influence how respondents answer questions. -
correct answer True
The following is an example of a double-barreled question: do you agree or disagree that
presidential elections should reflect the popular vote? - correct answer False
Cover letters can be form letters, and need not be personalized. - correct answer False
Web surveys handle filter questions poorly, so they should be avoided. - correct answer False
Which is an example of a double-barreled question: - correct answer Do you agree or disagree
that state budgets should be reduced and public finances made more transparent?
A respondent must be able to classify himself or herself into one and only one of the response
categories of a survey question. This means that response categories must be: - correct answer
Mutually Exclusice & Exhaustive
What method of survey administration has the greatest ability to use complex surveys? -
correct answer In person interviews
Phone surveys are able to reach unlisted numbers through which technique? - correct answer
Random Digit Dialing
